Didactic games in the preparatory group are important for preschoolers. Thanks to them, children are easy to learn. Games help develop, fantasize and memorize material. There are various types of didactic games. Each of them is needed for a specific purpose. Read more in the article.
The role of didactic games in the development of preschool children
Children in the preparatory group are preparing for school. For easier training and education, preschool children are offered didactic games. Thanks to them, the child learns the world around him, develops cognitive activity, solves learning problems.
Didactic games in the preparatory group are very important. They teach children attention, imagination, thinking. Even inert children can be interested in the necessary material.
When games are selected, adults must remember that they must comprehensively develop preschoolers. Instill interest in your child and develop his skills in a variety of activities. Children in this age should learn to compose stories and analyze them.
Didactic games help children develop cognitive abilities, replenish vocabulary, develop comprehensive abilities (glue, sculpt, cut, etc.). Before the lesson, it is necessary to conduct a conversation with the children, show visual material, explain the rules of the game.
Functions of didactic games
Learning is a complex process. However, if you engage in a playful way, children become interested. Psychologists and educators distinguish such functions of the game:
- Entertaining. The child is interested, his interest in the activity is awakening.
- Communicative function is a norm of behavior that is absorbed by children.
- Self-realization. The child learns everything that surrounds him. It is being realized more and more every day.
- Therapeutic. Children learn to overcome difficulties, find compromises with their peers, and listen to more experienced people.
- Diagnostic This feature helps educators, psychologists, and parents understand the norms and behavioral abnormalities.
- Correctional. The child daily changes for the better. He learns to work on himself and see his mistakes.
- Socialization. Teaches children to communicate in society.
Teacher A. Makarenko argued that with the help of games, will is instilled, collectivism and practical skills are formed. If children are interested in spending time in the classroom, then they do not get tired, but their ability to work is supported.
Didactic games: goal
A preparatory group prepares children for school. They need to be taught a lot. Therefore, all didactic games in the preparatory group are offered to children for a specific purpose. After all, they must understand and know at least the most necessary. Educators set themselves goals:
- To introduce children to natural materials.
- To acquaint with inanimate nature.
- Teach a preschooler to determine food for an animal.
- Consolidate knowledge of nature.
- Recall all seasons.
- Develop attention, memory and logical thinking.
- Learn the characteristics of domestic or wild animals.
- To consolidate a good attitude towards others and a love of nature.
All of the above goals are necessary for educators for uniform and proper training. The preparatory group often offers children theater-related games. Thanks to them, the preschooler reveals himself as a person. He enters the role and learns from his hero to adopt positive qualities.
Didactic games, their card index in the preparatory group
In order to develop the child from all sides, a plan is written. It consists of educators for a more proper education. A card index of didactic games in the preparatory group covers various classes. This is the development of speech, mathematics, ecology, application, music and much more.
For each lesson, a goal is defined. If you need to teach the world around, the teacher offers children free drawing, where the child develops imagination and memory. With the help of the lesson, children remember what they saw the day before and try to reproduce it on paper.
For the development of speech, you can think of any game where you need to express your thoughts with the help of words. Children will be able to come up with a fairy tale, and then create a play and distribute roles. Thanks to this game, children learn not only to talk, but also to communicate with peers.
To study mathematical representations, you need to learn colors, spatial orientation, numbers, geometric shapes, dyne, width, height and more. Teachers' daily planning of didactic games will help children learn material.
A card index of didactic games in the preparatory group helps not only preschoolers, but also educators. Thanks to them, teachers work with children, teach, test skills. If there is no file cabinet, educators will not be able to give preschoolers the knowledge they need.
The study of ecology with the help of didactic games
Educators need to teach children to love nature, to keep it clean and to care for plants and animals. Therefore, didactic games in the preparatory group for ecology are compiled once a week.
Didactic game: "Forest Train"
Purpose: to consolidate and systematize the knowledge of children about animals, birds and insects.
Material: cards with animals, birds and insects; two cardboard trains (3 cars are attached to each).
The teacher suggests choosing two teams of 3 people each. Children must plant forest animals in the first carriage, birds in the second, insects in the third. Which team will cope faster - will win.
"What do animals eat?"
Purpose: to form an idea of the nutrition of domestic and forest animals.
Material: cards with the image of animals and food for them.
The teacher conducts a conversation about domestic and forest animals, shows pictures to them. He selects two teams and distributes cards with animals and food for them. For example, pictures with a squirrel, hare, fox, dog, parrot, nuts, carrots, partridge, bone, grain. All of these cards must be mixed. Children should find the right pictures as quickly as possible. For example, a squirrel with nuts, a hare with carrots, etc.
Each didactic game forms the child's idea of the world around him. It is necessary to consolidate the skills of preschool children. Then he will go to first grade as a prepared child.
Teaching speech development through didactic games
Children need to be given not only an idea of ecology. We need didactic games for the development of speech. The preparatory group is an important period of the child. Thanks to games, children replenish their vocabulary, learn to speak, express and formulate their thoughts correctly.
Puppet theater is the first game thanks to which children develop their imagination and replenish their vocabulary.
Didactic game "Find an Extra Word"
Purpose: to develop memory, replenish vocabulary, consolidate material.
The teacher calls 4 words. For example, a coat, fur coat, jacket, dress. The task of the preschooler to find an extra word. Coat, fur coat and jacket are outerwear. The dress does not apply to them.
Game: "who knows more?"
Purpose: to consolidate and learn words, determine their meaning.
Material: animal cards, flowers, furniture, etc.
The teacher invites children to list animals. She calls: bear, hare. Children take turns continuing. Then they move on to flowers, vegetables, fruits, etc. For preschoolers, the tasks of developing speech are quite complicated. Therefore, do not scold, but patiently wait for the child to remember the name. For children, didactic games are interesting.
Preparatory group: mathematics
Didactic games help children learn about mathematical concepts. Very interesting and entertaining game "Extra picture". It is designed to study numbers. To play, take a sheet of A4 paper and divide it into equal four parts. In the upper right corner draw 3 nuts, and in the lower 4 leaves. Draw three toys at the top left and 3 vegetables under them. The child must learn to think logically. He will find an extra picture (4 leaves).
To make the children more attentive, suggest the game “Train”. Thanks to her, children will be able to quickly learn and remember geometric shapes.
Cut out several ovals, circles, squares, rhombuses, triangles, and a steam train with five cars from cardboard for preschoolers. Divide the children into teams. Attach an oval to the first locomotive. Children will understand what shape this house is for. Also square, circle, rhombus and triangle. Which team will quickly figure out the figures for the right houses, she won.
Conclusion
As mentioned earlier, you need to develop children comprehensively. Especially preschoolers. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct didactic games in the preparatory group for the Federal State Educational Standard (federal state educational standards). Only then is it possible to teach children everything that they need to know in first grade.
Didactic games are leading activities. Only thanks to them, preschoolers learn and learn about the world around them. Engage with children, try to interest them, and you will succeed in letting a developed and intelligent child out of the kindergarten.