Carrying out painting work is the final stage of any repair. In addition to the aesthetic component of the coating in the form of paints, wallpaper, films, they also fulfill a very important function and protect the human body from the influence of harmful substances, increase the service life of structural elements. Painting of metal surfaces prevents the development of corrosion, coating and impregnation of wood with a layer of a special paint and varnish material makes it resistant to fire.
Types of Painting
For utility rooms and warehouses, a simple finish is enough. Improved finishes are characteristic of living quarters as well as public spaces. High-quality finishes also stand out - places of large crowds (for example, theaters, concert halls, entertainment clubs, etc.).
High quality requirements are imposed on the painting. Moreover, it does not matter whether the repair of the basement or the residence of the Arab sheikh is carried out: the materials must be safe, the work must be performed efficiently, in compliance with the process.
Technology Description
Painting work can be started, the code contains all the necessary materials (gypsum, solvent, construction adhesive tape, etc.).
One coat of paint will not provide reliable surface protection. Therefore, it is required to apply a few (usually 2-3). The first layer provides adhesion of the paint to the surface. The following protect the base from the mechanical effects of the external environment and perform a decorative function.
The number of layers depends on the paint used and the surface to be painted. Glue paint is applied in two layers. Aqueous emulsion requires application of at least three.
During operation, the brush must be held at a small angle. Dipping it in paint should be only a quarter. First of all, hard-to-reach spots are painted, and then all surfaces are painted.
Preparatory work
Before proceeding with the painting work, it is necessary to eliminate all surface irregularities (cracks, bumps, chips, etc.). For these purposes, putty is usually used. Before coating cracks, they need to be expanded and deepened. But plaster as well as gypsum can also be used. After drying the grease, the cracks are ground and primed. Some masters are not limited to materials from this list, but others use it.
You also need to clean the surfaces for painting from rust, dirt and be sure to dry (it is better to use a building hair dryer when drying). Otherwise, the paint will peel off and very quickly lose its visual appeal.
When working with wooden surfaces they are sanded. In this case, you need to achieve perfect smoothness of the surface. In the presence of cracks, the latter are necessarily putty.
After completion of wall leveling and smoothing, all surfaces are cleaned of building dust and impregnated with special primer. Due to impregnation with a special primer, a protective film forms on the surface.
All layers of old paint must be removed. Otherwise, the new layer will begin to peel off after a short time. The old layer is removed with sandpaper, a hard metal brush or a spatula. If the old paint had a water base, then it is relatively easily washed off with water.
Walls for painting are either covered with a thin layer of plaster or glued with special wallpaper, which is subsequently painted.
Old whitewash is removed from the ceilings. A thin layer of whitewash can be washed off with a rag. A massive and thick layer will have to be scraped off with a spatula to dry. It is also allowed to pre-wet the ceiling with hot water and after forty minutes begin to clean it with a scraper.
The correct position of the spatula is at an angle to the ceiling. Whitewashing is removed by scraper movements forward. In this case, do not press hard on the tool. Other contaminants are removed in the same way: dried paint, glue, etc.
Safety requirements for painting
- The paint contains volatile substances. They are very harmful to humans, sometimes even poisonous. For this reason, the rooms in which the paintwork is carried out should be well ventilated.
- Only people who have undergone special training and are allowed to carry out this type of work can independently prepare paint by shifting and adding components.
- Benzene is strictly forbidden to use as a solvent.
- If a spray gun is used to carry out painting work, the worker must be in a gas mask or a respirator.
- It is forbidden to stay in the room in which painting works are carried out for more than four hours.
- Before painting, the hands are lubricated with a protective cream. Upon completion, it is necessary to wash hands and face thoroughly with detergents.
- On hands should be rubber gloves. Shoes - rubber boots. Clothing made of thick fabric. It is also recommended to wear glasses.
- Before throwing rags soaked in paint or solvent, it must be dried. This measure minimizes the risk of fire.
Tool used
Brush and roller are the most common tools for painting. These names are known to everyone since childhood. Also, the paint is applied using a spray gun. The use of the latter is justified only for very large volumes of work and is associated with rather high costs for the purchase of both the gun itself and the compressor.
Roller advantages
A soft paint roller is ideal for painting large walls and ceilings. The use of this tool is beneficial both in terms of the quality of the resulting decorative layer and in terms of material consumption. In addition, the use of the roller significantly speeds up the painting process. This is important in terms of minimizing the harmful effects of toxic fumes on the human body. And from an economic point of view, this is also, of course, important.
When painting with a roller, the paint is poured into a special container (tray), in which there is a corrugated bottom to eliminate its excess from the working surface of the tool.
Many craftsmen, before pouring paint into the tray, wrap it with a plastic bag. This measure significantly extends the life of the tank.
Why do I need a brush?
But despite the obvious advantages of using a roller, the brush is an indispensable tool for painting, because as soon as it can penetrate into inaccessible places (for example, corners, small holes, etc.).
Before starting repairs, you need to acquire several brushes of different stiffness and shape. Before dipping the brush in the paint, it is recommended to hold it in warm water for several minutes, so that the poorly fixed pile will fall out, and the swollen wooden handle will become more reliable to hold horse hair.
So that the brush can be used in the future, it must be washed, thoroughly wiped with a rag and put into storage.
Applicable Materials
The market has a huge selection of paints and varnishes for painting. But the most common is, of course, paint. It is made by mixing binders and pigments.
There are water-based (acrylic, latex, silicone), alkyd (enamel and oil), as well as silicate paints. The most common type is water emulsion. It is a pleasure to work with these materials: they are not viscous, they are well applied to the surface. However, they do not have a pungent and pungent odor, dry quickly. The coating is resistant to sunlight, does not fade. Just look after him. Also, the material has a protective function against mold and fungi.
Varnish is used for coating both painted and unpainted surfaces. The varnish is transparent and does not change the color and texture of the surface (it can only give a different shade, somewhat darker or, conversely, lighter).
To the group of auxiliary materials include a primer, putty, grease.