Every citizen who has been left without work due to various circumstances and officially recognized as unemployed has the right to payments from the state. They are aimed at maintaining an acceptable standard of living in the absence of official earnings.
These incomes can in no way be taken as earnings. Moreover, their receipt is associated with certain requirements for those in need of support and their documents, on the basis of which the need for the purpose of payment is determined and its size.
All about unemployment benefits
To receive payments due to the lack of official earnings is possible only in the case of registration with the employment service . This gives official unemployment status.
It is important to understand that it is infinitely impossible to receive financial support from the state. This is due to some factors. Let's look at them:
- The resources of the service allow you to help people without employment find open vacancies and arrange interviews with employers.
- The employment center provides opportunities for retraining, and in the absence of any education to get a working profession.
- Gives start-up capital to those who wish to open their own business. The size of such payments is also determined and known in advance.
Regarding how much do they receive unemployment benefits, the law defines this period for twelve months. After which the person is deregistered. Then he is given the opportunity to find a job on his own.
If in the period up to 6 months to find a suitable occupation with official earnings did not work, then you can register again. Moreover, the amount of financial assistance will be already less. Although pay periods will not necessarily be continuous. To understand this, we can give a simple example, which we will consider later.
An unemployed citizen, having applied to the employment service, after reviewing the documents submitted by him, began to receive benefits. A few months later he was employed, of course, that payments stopped. After a while, having lost his job, he again turned to the service. There he was again assigned an allowance. All these events occurred intermittently, for example, for three months the allowance was paid, a salary was received for six months, and another nine months after re-submitting documents to the service, the allowance was again received.
After making simple calculations, you can determine how long they receive unemployment benefits with possible interruptions, namely 18 months. It is important not to get confused. It is important to understand that the unemployed cannot receive unemployment benefits all the year and a half continuously. The continuous nature of payments can have only one year. An equally important aspect is the legality of receiving financial support from the state. That is, it is necessary to clarify when the payment will already be illegally received unemployment benefits. Indeed, ignorance of the rule of law does not exempt from liability.
Stages of registration at the employment center
The success of receiving support from the state depends on the correctness of the submitted documents. In various situations, the term of contacting the employment service becomes very important. How to get unemployment benefits? There are a few steps.
The procedure can be divided into stages:
- Appeal to the labor exchange. How to get unemployment benefits? In this center everyone will tell you about it. The exchange will also explain what list of documents is needed.
- Collection of certificates and other official papers in accordance with the list.
- Submission of the necessary package to the employee of the institution.
- Checking the compliance of the package with the required list.
- Filling in the application form for employment.
- Clarification of obligations arising after registration.
Categories of persons
At first glance, everything is quite simple. However, the solution of the issue rests on the list of documents, because citizens applying for payments are very different, namely:
- laid off due to downsizing;
- dismissed of their own free will;
- graduated from educational institutions;
- unemployed for up to one year;
- persons who have never had official employment.
Key Documents
So how do you get unemployment benefits? Naturally, a situation arises when the documentation for the employment service will differ for each category. It is important not to be scared, but to follow the recommendations of specialists, first of all, you need to decide on a list that is necessary for all categories:
- passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation;
- insurance certificate;
- application for financial assistance due to lack of work;
- documents about existing education.
If an unemployed person was previously employed, then you need to attach a work book and a certificate of the average wage for the last three months in the form of an employment service. The latter is filled in the accounts of the former employer.
In a situation where the applicant has never been previously employed or has just graduated from an educational institution, then this list is sufficient.
If the unemployed was previously the founder of his own business, then it is mandatory to provide a document confirming its liquidation.
The issue of receiving benefits from the exchange for a person with disabilities is very important. This category of citizens may qualify for payments. However, there are limitations. That is, a disabled person receives unemployment benefits only when the disability belongs to the working group. Such a citizen in his package must report a special certificate from a medical institution. If available, there will be no question of how to get unemployment benefits for a person with a disability, even if the group has been assigned since childhood.
It should also be noted that a woman’s pregnancy is not a reason for refusing to register at the employment center. As for the disabled, women in position need to submit a certificate from the clinic.
What determines the size of the benefit
When applying for benefits from the state during a period of absence from work, many are interested in information about the amount of benefits that can be counted on. After all, it is important not only how to get unemployment benefits, but also how this financial assistance is calculated, its minimum and maximum values.
Currently, the minimum amount is 850 rubles, and the maximum is 4900 rubles. At the same time, those who have lost the job of reduction, the first three months can receive severance pay in the amount of 100% of their earnings. In this case, a prerequisite is to contact the office of the labor exchange at the place of registration. This institution is the place where you can get unemployment benefits. True, it is important to comply with the necessary deadlines, which are limited to 15 days from the date of dismissal.
If the loss of work is associated with the dismissal on their own initiative, then the receipt of these amounts is not possible. Nevertheless, the amount of benefits is determined as follows:
- Three months allowance is 75% of available wages.
- Over the next 4 months, it drops to 60%.
- Until reaching 12 months. In the remaining time, the allowance is limited to 40% of the salary.
Again, subject to deadlines, that is, the time from the moment of loss of work and registration should not be more than 12 months.
Who gets the minimum allowance?
The benefit amount is limited to 850 rubles for those:
- who never worked;
- from whom more than 12 months have passed since the dismissal;
- who lost their job due to violations;
- whose work experience is less than 6.5 months;
- who is a former businessman and member of the peasant farm.
Having figured out the amounts that you can count on, you need to register, for which purpose the above list of documents is collected. However, it is likely to be refused. And in order for the work not to be in vain, it is important to know what the chances are.
Categories of unemployed citizens who are paid
To recognize a person as unemployed, it is enough to hand over the established list of documents. Categories of those who are entitled to payments are determined by the following list:
- persons who have reached the age of sixteen years;
- graduates of secondary and higher educational institutions;
- dismissed by reduction and on their own initiative;
- disabled persons of the third or working group;
- pregnant women.
The category of those who should not even try is also defined:
- citizens who retire upon reaching retirement age;
- children under 16 years old;
- persons in places of detention.
Denial of payments
It is important to understand that payments may be refused. The reason for this may be:
- Providing knowingly false data.
- Failure to fulfill obligations arising upon registration at the employment center, namely regular failure to appear at the office for re-registration. On average, this should be done twice a month.
- Repeated rejection of the proposed vacancies or the possibility of obtaining qualifications.
- A serious violation is that a person received unemployment benefits and worked. In this case, all received amounts will have to be returned. Otherwise, the court intervenes.
What can cause a suspension of payments?
Those who are already receiving benefits must be aware of the circumstances that entail a suspension in receiving payments:
- training in regions located away from the place of residence;
- conscription;
- care for seriously ill relatives;
- maternity leave;
- the appearance in the department of the employment center intoxicated;
- violation of labor and academic discipline.
What can cause a complete cessation of payments?
Complete cessation of payments may be:
- connected with the device to work;
- upon receipt of a scholarship during the training period at the initiative of the employment center;
- associated with a change in registration;
- associated with death;
- reaching retirement age;
- voluntary refusal of payments.
Thus, the legislation clearly regulates all circumstances that may cause the loss of financial support. This imposes certain obligations on the unemployed. Quite often, the status of unemployed can be confirmed by a special certificate. It is sometimes needed in case of registration of various subsidies and benefits.
Although sometimes a certificate is needed that a person does not receive unemployment benefits. Such a document is sometimes necessary when applying for benefits at birth. That is, this is just one of the reasons.
Cash payment to your business
Undoubtedly, such a body as an employment center is the most important for everyone who is left without work or is in search. After all, it was through him that the state found a way to implement such a program as supporting start-up entrepreneurs. The latter can receive initial capital for the embodiment of their bold ideas.
This will be especially interesting for young graduates of universities and colleges, despite the small size of the amount issued. The only condition for receiving such support is registration as an individual entrepreneur and drawing up a business plan. If the applicant does not have the necessary qualifications, then the employment center can arrange special courses.