Paint is one of the very first and at the same time basic finishing materials used by man. The desire to draw has appeared in people since ancient times. This is evidenced by the painting of the walls and ceilings of the caves in which the ancient man lived. Already at that time he sought to decorate gray stones using ocher, charcoal and animal blood.
Millennia have passed, but the desire to paint among people has not diminished at all. They strive to change the color of almost everything that comes to their hands. Cars and houses are painted, hair, pet hair, etc. That is why recently the number of varieties of this material has increased several times.
Not a single repair can do without paint. But everyone who makes it, dreams of keeping a decent view of the wall or ceilings for a long time, for about twenty years. That is why it is important to know what types of paint exist, what characteristics they have. This will allow you to choose the right finishing material that will last as long as possible.
Composition
Paint manufacturers include at least three components in their products. It is a pigment, an astringent and a solvent. The color of the paint depends on the first of these components. The astringent does not allow to scatter the applied layer after it dries. The solvent is also designed to dilute too thick paint, which facilitates its application. Often, various fixatives, stabilizers and other additives are added to the mixture recipe.
Depending on the characteristics and quality, there are various types of paint. Let's consider them in more detail.
Appointment
What is the paint? The types of this finishing material for the purpose are divided into universal, as well as for internal and external works. All of them have some differences in their characteristics. So, the paints used for outdoor work, are highly resistant to moisture, sunlight, temperature fluctuations and other external factors. However, they are very toxic and therefore prohibited for indoor use.
For the repair of apartments and rooms you need a different type of paint. It should be intended for indoor use. Such material is extremely sensitive to external factors, therefore it is not used for exterior decoration of houses.
The third type is universal paint. The types of the first two finishing materials, as mentioned above, have different characteristics. Universal paint can be used not only for indoor but also for outdoor use. It is water-based and therefore non-toxic.
According to the characteristics of the solvent included in the composition, all paints are divided into:
- oil;
- emulsion.
Oil paints
This finishing material is made on the basis of white spirit, drying oil, turpentine, gasoline or alcohol. All of these substances are organic solvents.
On what basis is the oil paint you purchased made? GOST will help to figure this out. It regulates the brands of this finishing material, depending on the type of foaming component used. So, the symbols MA-021 indicate that the composition of oil paint is natural drying oil. If MA-025 - combined, etc.
The main advantage of such paints lies in their durable waterproof layer. But there is a drawback to these materials. Dry, oil paint emits all organic solvents in it . Indoors, this can cause intoxication.
Used oil paint for wood, metal, cement plaster, gypsum putty and many other surfaces. It can even be applied to a layer of an aqueous emulsion.
Oil paint for wood can be used as a primer. To do this, it is additionally diluted with turpentine, white spirit, kerosene or other solvents.
In earlier times, oil paint was used everywhere. It was used for finishing surfaces. However, today, other more modern materials have become more widespread. The fact is that oil paint can dry up to several days, releasing so harmful substances that people’s head aches. In addition, the applied layer does not allow the surface to “breathe”. This leads to the appearance of cracks and peeling on it after an insignificant period (from three to five years). In addition, drying oil turns yellow, the surface loses its original color.
However, despite such significant drawbacks, oil paint continues to be produced today. GOST strictly certifies this finishing material, denoting its various types by combinations of numbers and letters. Buyers purchase this inexpensive and affordable paint for doors and window frames, heating radiators and other surfaces. Apply it as a primer.
Emulsion paints
This finishing material is made by mixing fillers and pigments with water. And today it is more and more often used in the decoration of apartments. The positive side of this paint is that when dried, it does not emit toxic substances. An important advantage of emulsion paint is also its environmental friendliness.
This material is convenient to use. Not completely dry, it is easily washed off from hands and tools.
What are emulsion paints?
This finishing material is divided into several types. Among them are paints:
- water emulsion;
- acrylic;
- latex;
- polyvinyl acetate;
- water dispersible.
- silicone.
Water-based paint
It is usually used for the final finishing of internal surfaces. This is an environmentally friendly material that is in great demand among consumers. Water-based paint, the price of which is quite affordable for all segments of the population, is applied to almost any surface. In doing so, it forms an air-permeable polymer film. Steam can pass through it. But she will not miss the liquid. The positive side of this material is its explosion and fire safety.
Unlike water- based emulsion, water-dispersion paints are more moisture resistant. This allows you to wipe the surface on which they are applied much more often with a damp cloth.
Acrylic paints
These finishing materials are very flexible and durable. These characteristics give them acrylic resins. These substances are the main astringent component of the composition. Acrylic types of paint have a high cost, and therefore not every buyer opts for them. However, this is a wonderful finishing material. After complete drying, it is able to withstand even the most severe frosts. Acrylic paints have good water resistance. Moreover, this indicator increases as the volume of acrylic resins in their composition increases. Such paints are beautifully tinted. In addition, they form a surface layer that can last for many years.
Latex paint
This is the most expensive form of all water-based finishing materials. In the composition of such a paint, which has increased water resistance, elasticity and strength, is latex. It is possible to use such a material to cover various surfaces. It can be both walls and ceilings, which will dry in 20-60 minutes.
Polyvinyl acetate paints
They are made on the basis of PVA. Moreover, such a water-based paint is familiar to consumers since the days of the USSR.
Polyvinyl acetate finishing material is environmentally friendly, lightfast and most affordable. However, such paint should not be washed often. She gets off the surface very quickly.
Silicone paints
This finishing material is relatively new and relatively expensive. In the role of a binder in it are silicone resins. This component gives the paint a high water resistance. It is possible to purchase silicone-based finishing material for painting any surfaces, including metal.
Enamel paints
This finishing material incorporates pigments and varnishes. Under different names this paint can be realized. Types of enamel coatings include several different types in their list. These are nitro enamels and enamel paints, as well as alkyd enamels. After drying, a matte or shiny glossy film with high strength is formed on the surface. Several layers of such paint will provide good protection of the coated material from various external influences - sunlight, temperature extremes, etc. The enamel is characterized by a high drying speed (15-45 minutes) and sensitivity to mechanical damage.
Facade paints
These finishing materials differ from those used for interior work with their maximum resistance to external environmental influences. They need to be selected depending on the properties of the processed surface. Wood, brick and concrete need their own paint.
Types of considered finishing materials for facade work are divided into:
- silicate;
- acrylic;
- silicone.
Silicate facade paint for outdoor works is made on the basis of polymer dispersions and liquid glass. This material is highly durable and reliable. It is as vapor- and breathable as possible, and due to its alkaline reaction it does not allow mold and fungi to appear on the walls.
Acrylic paints for the facade have significant differences from interior. They are more resistant to UV rays and weathering, as well as high spreadability and minimal spatter.
The most progressive and modern ones include silicone paints. They have the best characteristics of silicate and acrylic finishing materials - resistance to ultraviolet and elasticity.
Modern manufacturers also offer facade perchlorovinyl paints. They are recommended for outdoor decoration. Such paints are obtained by dissolving perchlorovinyl in solvent or xylene. The temperature of the mixture is maintained at seventy degrees. The solvents contained in such a composition, when dried, evaporate, and a sufficiently hard decorative protective layer appears on the treated surface.
Perchlorovinyl paints do not allow moisture to enter the finish. They are made with a high saturation of the color tone, which lasts from three to four years.
Trademark Tikkurila
Today, consumers put forward increased demands on facade paints. This prevents manufacturers from standing still. They develop such finishing materials that not only give the surface one color or another, but also protect it from dirt and moisture, ultraviolet radiation and temperature changes. Tikkurila paint has all these properties.
The brand of the same name, offering its products on the market of paint and varnish building materials, has more than a hundred-year-old history. The products of this company are familiar to customers due to its wide range and excellent quality.
It is no secret that painting the facade is expensive. That is why the finishing material must have such properties that would allow it to permanently and reliably protect the surface. The Tikkurila paint possesses such characteristics. It is resistant to alkali, impact and abrasion, has exceptional hiding power and high vapor permeability. Such qualitative characteristics allow this finishing material to provide an excellent appearance and reliable protection of the facade for ten years or more.