Everyone knows that the main activity of preschool children is play. But, in addition to this, there is also a productive one. What it is? This means that as a result of classes, the child creates some kind of finished product. The organization of the productive activities of preschoolers is the task of every educator. By doing it, the child is socialized, he develops perseverance, the desire to bring the job to the end, a graphic skill. Numerous studies have proved that this is the most important activity of children of the senior groups of the kindergarten, thanks to it, favorable conditions are created for teachers, including future teachers, who will be engaged with the child in elementary grades. The fact is that the productive activity of preschoolers, combined with the game, prepares the children's psyche for school.
What are productive activities?
This is the name of the classes, as a result of which the child will create a given product with the indicated qualities. Which of them are productive activities:
- modeling of figures and applications from clay and clay;
- assembly of an interesting design in various ways;
- making crafts from various materials (paper, cardboard, beads, foliage and others);
- difficult exercises with layouts;
- creation of paintings with paints, pencils, chalk;
- production of applications and mosaics.
For the development of children, all types of productive activities are important. Preschoolers need to be interested in to get the desired result, but this is the work of teachers. All facilities aimed at raising young children include these activities. Parents should know what the productive activities of the preschooler are aimed at, why this is so important. If you study at home with your child yourself or prefer not to take him to kindergarten, then this publication will be useful to you.
The need for productive activities
The purpose of the classes is the comprehensive development and education of the child of the preschool age group. Children develop multilaterally, so it is important to include all types of productive activities of preschoolers in classes, not focusing only on drawing or modeling. Classes should be held in a playful way, and not "from under the stick", the kid should realize that it is fun, in addition, at the end of work he will be proud of his product. At the same time, he will gradually learn the need to listen carefully to the teacher, and do everything that is necessary to obtain a result.
All over the world, specialists studied the productive activities of preschoolers, and came to the conclusion that it is able to develop the following qualities in children:
- A good creative imagination, a mechanism of thinking, that is, the ability to think logically, compare, analyze and synthesize.
- Purposefulness, perseverance and perseverance.
- Good mental abilities, since the productive activities of preschoolers are cognitive activities.
- Fine motor skills of the fingers and muscles of the hands.
- The methods of productive activity of preschoolers are aimed at informing children of the need for independent work.
- Curiosity, inquisitiveness and initiative.
Even classes have a positive effect on the discipline of children, teachers noted a good connection between productive activities and sensory education. That is, for the child to have a good idea of the subject, he must know what he looks like, his color, benefits, size and location in space.
In the process of classes, all qualities are manifested, first of all, the mental and physical abilities of the baby, and teachers know exactly which child and what more to do, they give practical advice to parents.
The productive creative activities of preschoolers provide the practice and skills that will be required for further education and work. For example, to create an application, you need to make some efforts, think carefully about placing objects, position them correctly, and for this you need creative action. In the process of classes, children gain experience of independent work.
An integrated approach is well implemented in the productive activities of preschoolers. In addition, the kids are able to completely relax, and this is getting rid of all kinds of fears about society. Children, independently creating a product, can realize in their model their ideas about a particular subject, receive a material embodiment of an imaginary design.
Directions
We offer you to get acquainted with a productive activity closer in order to have an accurate idea of it.
- Self-creation of various items that are suitable for games, cognitive and research activities.
- Making items that fill the art gallery of a preschool.
- The ability to create layouts.
- Designing the group’s own book, where drawings, children's stories, and their annals will be introduced. You can also create a nature diary, and the children will decorate it with pictures, a herbarium.
- Making decorations and decorations for the holidays. For example, garlands, posters, posters, Christmas decorations.
- Creating invitation cards for the holiday for parents, greeting cards for them, souvenirs that will be distributed at the end of the performance.
- Development of wall newspapers of the group.
- Inventing a story as a group. You can diversify your classes by the fact that each time you need to create a fairy tale or story so that each word begins with one letter. By the way, this is a very good lesson for the development of oral creativity, logic, help in learning to read and write.
- Create your own performance. You can prepare your own script for him, and the children should help. Also, sets and costume elements are collectively created.
Why is all this necessary? The fact is that the development of productive activities of preschoolers is not only interesting, but also very useful.
Class results
For children, it is necessary to create a system of classes. If the teacher correctly distributes the productive activity, and all its types are involved, the result will be as follows:
- children will be creatively developed;
- the group will have an excellent psychological situation;
- preschoolers are well prepared for schoolwork.
Most often, productive activity connects several areas: creativity, socialization, cognition, labor, communication, safety of preschool children. Artistic and productive activities and creativity allow you to develop a child's speech. At this age, there are many problems with her, this is scarcity (poor vocabulary), monosyllabic, it consists of only simple sentences, and words are far from beautiful, literary. For example: “cho,” instead of “what,” “beautiful flower,” instead of “I like this flower, because ...”, but instead of “I don’t want this flower, because ...” you can hear and “leave me alone ", and other expressions. Children need to be taught to speak beautifully, to explain their preferences more fully and efficiently.
In addition, children receive moral education, consolidate the knowledge gained in the learning process, they develop the necessary qualities of character:
- activity;
- independence;
- observation;
- purposefulness;
- patience;
- desire to complete what has been started;
- the ability to "sort through" the information received and its assimilation.
Productive activity improves the physical condition of children. They become more cheerful, the mood improves, the general tone rises, the character becomes more relaxed and active. After classes and on them, the child is active. It is important to immediately correctly form his posture, gait, body position, because all these qualities in the future will be useful to a still little man. Productive activity allows you to coordinate movements, "tune" the vestibular apparatus, strengthen muscles.
Now we offer to get acquainted with the main types of productive activities. And at the same time, we note the features of each.
The productive activities of preschoolers: drawing
Especially kids love to draw. Here they have room for imagination, everything is depicted on paper: heroes of fairy tales, space, forest, individual objects, patterns, scenes experienced in life - here the child fully realizes his thinking. When drawing, children once again experience the experienced emotions, reveal their thoughts. Usually the task of drawing is given on independent topics, that is, everyone decides for himself what, how and with what color to depict. From the drawings you can judge the character of the baby, and find out his fears, which he holds in himself. Sometimes it is recommended to visit a psychologist so that he solves the problem of the child, adjusts the idea of the world around him.
art
It is necessary to engage in this activity collectively, draw on one topic. Fine art allows you to instill in children a sense of beauty, an aesthetic idea of the world, of individual objects. The development of the productive activities of preschoolers is invaluable, because the lessons teach you to see the beautiful in everything around you, and only a harmonious, developed and intelligent person can do this. Children develop a sense of aesthetics, they change their attitude towards each bug, blade of grass, you just have to tell correctly what and how to draw. For example: "Look at the long antennae of this bug, it cannot live without them, so be sure to draw it." Well, how then can a beetle tear off this antennae by catching it in the grass? The child in everything learns to see only the good, his behavior changes for the better, beliefs are formed.
Scratching (DAC-scratches)
You need to take cardboard (white), shade it with wax colored crayons, and then use a sponge to apply a thick layer of black gouache, and preferably mascara, since gouache, even dried, will stain the baby’s fingers and clothes when it touches. After that, children are given feathers or other objects with a sharp but safe tip, and they must scratch the pattern on the resulting material. The result will be a pattern, or some object, created from thin multi-colored stripes on a black background. There will be no limit to the joy of children!
Modeling and application
The peculiarity of the molding is that the child can create a three-dimensional image of cars, animals, fruits and other favorite items. The subject matter is very diverse. The molding perfectly affects fine motor skills, creates imagination and a sense of space, because after making the objects they can be placed further or closer to each other, satisfies the children's needs for knowledge and creativity.
Creating applications, children learn to cut objects on their own, arrange them in the right places, stick objects and elements on paper. Here, again, the development of finger motility, coordination is involved. To create an application, you need to think hard, think creatively, because in detail there are rarely whole and clear objects, so you need to correctly compare them. In addition, the preschooler gets acquainted with mathematics by studying simple geometric shapes. The idea of placing objects in space (in a corner, in the center, on the right or left) and on the dimensions of parts (large triangle or small) also develops.
You can make a mosaic not only from pieces of paper, but also from lumps. This is also quite entertaining, no less useful for development.
Construction
This is one of the most favorite productive activities of preschoolers. Who did not like the Lego constructors? The peculiarity of the classes is that the guys must assemble the item correctly, find the necessary details and fasten them. Design develops spatial orientation, motility, creative and logical thinking, aesthetic perception - the child likes or not his creation. In addition, the child gets acquainted with the features of the details (color, weight, the material from which they are made, shape). The child becomes aware of the architectural forms in volume, he develops his own taste, opinion.
You can design it not only from finished parts, but also from paper, boxes, stones, shells, sand, kids learn to recognize details, combine them, synthesize.
Formation of the productive activities of a preschooler
It is necessary to develop a training program correctly. Children cannot do the same thing every day. If the kid likes to draw, but does not want to design or sculpt, it is necessary to interest him. Ask to build or mold your house, and after he is ready, let him talk about him, about where he stands, where he likes to walk.
Talk about finished products, whether it is a drawing or application, you need. At this time, speech is formed, vocabulary is replenished. For example, a child painted a kitten. Let him come up with a nickname, tell about his character, preferences in food and games - this is already creative thinking.
Productive activity is necessary not only for preschool children, but also for elementary school students. Many schools have created centers of children's creativity, which are great help in learning.