For several decades, engineers and builders tirelessly tried to find the most effective and natural way that would help the walls of buildings get rid of excess moisture. This allowed us to develop a ventilation façade, the installation of which you can do with your own hands. Any material can be used as a finish for this, but below we will discuss the installation of porcelain stoneware. The described system is a complex structure, which is carried out in several stages. Errors during installation can cause problems during the first years of operation of the building. Most often they are expressed in the malfunctioning of the ventilated system, which leads to its complete failure. If you do not have enough experience in conducting such works, then it is better to entrust them to specialists who know the intricacies of installation.
Preparatory stage: marking the attachment points
If you decide to equip the ventilation façade, the installation of which should be carried out according to a certain technology, then at the first stage the marking works are carried out. Bearing brackets will be installed in designated places on the wall surface, which is why this stage should be carried out in accordance with the design technical documentation. To begin with, lighthouse lines are determined. One of them is the lower horizontal. You can determine the extreme points with the help of a level, and after they are marked, between them should be indicated the gap over which the brackets will be installed. In this case, the master must use the laser level and tape measure. In order to determine the extreme vertical lines along the facade, the overhang should be omitted from the parapet of the building, which will allow vertical lines to be marked at the extreme horizontal points.
Bracket Installation
The ventilation facade, the installation of which involves the installation of brackets, will be held on the frame system. Using a punch, you will need to drill holes in the wall into which the paronite gaskets are installed . Next, you can proceed with the installation of the supporting brackets, for which a screwdriver and anchor dowels are used.
Laying windproof and heat-insulating layers
Quite often recently, the facade is used to decorate the external walls. Installation of this system should provide for the installation of insulation, as well as a protective layer. Through the slots for the brackets, the master hangs a heat insulation plate, and after the membrane sheet is windproof . The resulting system is temporarily fixed. In this case, it is necessary to observe the overlap of the paintings, which is approximately 100 millimeters. Through the windshield and thermal insulation, drill holes where plate-shaped dowels are installed.
Installation of insulation boards starts from the bottom row. Previously, the plates are installed on the base or start profile, and only after that they are installed in the direction from bottom to top. It should be noted that the plates are hung in a checkerboard pattern horizontally, while one should not forget that there should not be through holes between the elements. If necessary, the insulation can be cut using a hand tool, and sometimes the project provides for the presence of two-layer insulation. In this case, plate-shaped dowels should be used, with which the internal plates are fixed to the wall. About two fasteners must be installed on the stove, but more can be. The outer plate is fixed so that it is staggered in relation to other elements, and fastening is carried out by a similar technology.
Rail Installation
The ventilation façade (installation), the photo of which you must study and consider in advance, provides for the presence of guides, which are installed in the next step. They are attached to the adjusting brackets; for this, a profile is mounted in the grooves of the bearing and supporting brackets. Rivets will be needed to fix the profile to the supporting brackets. To adjustable parts, the profile is mounted freely, which ensures unhindered vertical movement - this is necessary to exclude temperature deformations. In those places where there will be vertical joining of the profiles, a gap of about 8 millimeters is left, which prevents deformation during humidity and temperature fluctuations. When the installation of the ventilated facade is made of porcelain stoneware, in the next step, fire cutoffs can be installed.
Cladding Installation
Tile installation works are carried out in a certain order. To fasten the clamps, it is necessary to mark the places of the holes on the guides. To do this, use an electric drill. The clamps are installed in strict accordance with the project, and they are fixed with rivets to the profile of the T-shaped type. In this case, the fixture is installed in the drilled holes. Self-tapping screws should be used as the mounting element .
Varieties of technology for fixing porcelain tiles
If you decide to use the technique of elevating the external walls, which is called the ventilation facade, the installation technology by you must be studied. It provides for the use of one of two ways of fixing porcelain stoneware. The first involves the presence of visible seams. It is simpler, while the T-shaped profile is masked - it will need to be painted in the same color as the tile has. If you want to deprive the surface of the seams, then the strengthening of porcelain stoneware is carried out to two guides using a horizontal cut. This allows not only to exclude the presence of seams, but also to reduce the load on the structure.
Tile Installation Recommendations
Recently, the technology of decorating external walls, which is called the ventilation facade - installation of porcelain stoneware, is considered quite popular recently. Photos of this system will allow you to understand how the walls look after completion of work. Vertically, it will be necessary to install beacons, the step between which should be the same. This will greatly facilitate the installation process. The horizontal distance will be determined by the size of the plates: if you have those that have a side of 400 millimeters, the step will be 410 millimeters, while when you increase the side to 600 millimeters, the step increases to 610 millimeters. When marking the mounting points of the brackets, holes for the anchors should be made, while the depth should be slightly larger compared to the length of the anchor. Fasteners should be selected based on the weight of the facing coating, as well as the bearing capacity of the facade. Porcelain tile is fixed using clamps, which must be made of stainless or galvanized steel.
Recommendations for open fastening of porcelain stoneware
If you decide to use this technology, you must consider that the clamps will be visible after completion of work. They are located on top of the panel, and after installation, they are most often covered with powder enamel. The main thing is to choose a color that fits the cladding. This mounting option is considered cheaper than the rest, therefore it is more common. Among other things, with this fastening, air can freely exit and enter the system anywhere in the facade, providing constant ventilation.
Tips for implementing fastening porcelain stoneware with closed seams
This technology is not only more labor intensive, but also expensive. The lining provides slots made in the lower and upper ribs, where the clamps are placed. Due to this, the fasteners are invisible, and the seam becomes minimal and invisible. This method provides air from below, and flows only from above. Joining places that are formed between window and doorways should be lined with metal, which is represented by curved sheets. It is painted in the same color as the facing material.
Consumption
If you decide to equip a ventilated facade with porcelain stoneware, the consumption of materials per 1 m2 should be calculated. To do this, you need to determine the area of each wall, and then the area of window and doorways. The areas of all walls are added together, and from this value, the area of the openings folded together should be subtracted. Then the area of one tile is determined depending on its size, at the next stage, the first value obtained in the calculations is divided into two - this will help to understand how many tiles need to be purchased.
Conclusion
The ventilated porcelain stoneware facade, the consumption of materials for which you can calculate without outside help, looks very attractive, but to achieve a positive result, you must follow the above recommendations.