Concrete is an artificially made stone building material. It can be made independently or ready-made at the factory of reinforced concrete products, which reduces construction time.
Concrete is granite, gravel and dolomite (calcareous). Consists of aggregate, water, binders and additives. This is a solution of cement, sand, filler and water, sometimes a plasticizer is also added. Cement binds all components of a concrete mortar. Sand is best used in coarse river, sometimes it is replaced with slag. Before mixing, sand must be sieved to get rid of excess garbage. Crushed stone is often used, because it is the best filler, sometimes it is replaced with gravel or expanded clay.
There is also such a thing as a fraction of crushed stone, it is determined depending on the size of the particles. The smaller the size of the stone, the lower the fraction number. For the foundation, usually use from 20 to 40 - this is an average indicator. The plasticizer is used to betray frost resistance and water resistance to the finished solution. Reinforcing fibers of polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride are rarely added. Concrete is kneaded in a ratio of 1: 3: 6: cement + sand (crushed stone) + water.
Types of concrete
The following types of solution are distinguished:
- By appointment. These include ordinary and special solutions. The former are used for the construction of industrial and civil buildings, special ones are used for the construction of hydraulic, road and other structures.
- By astringent. These include cement, gypsum, silicate solutions, etc.
- By placeholders. Distinguish concrete on dense, porous and special additives.
- According to the hardening conditions. It is divided into solidification in the natural environment, under conditions of wet and warm processing at normal atmospheric pressure, and when processing with heat and moisture at atmospheric pressure is higher than normal (autoclave hardening).
How many cubes of concrete are needed on the foundation?
Many people use an online calculator to calculate the number of concrete cubes. But you can also do it yourself, using the concrete volume formula to calculate. First you need to consider what the foundations are, and, based on their composition, choose a certain formula.
The foundation happens: tape, pile and slab, there are also many other varieties of the foundation, but it is in these three that concrete is used for pouring.
Formula for a strip foundation. Before making the calculation, you need to find out the width and height of the foundation tape. After the width, multiply by the height and get the volume of concrete needed for pouring. It looks like this: V = S * L, where V is the volume of concrete, S is the cross-sectional area, L is the length of the foundation tape. To get the value of S, you need to multiply the width of the tape by the height.
For example, the following values ββare given: 50 cm - tape width, height - 180 cm, length - 49 m. Solution: V = 49 * 0.5 * 1.8 = 44.1 cubic meters of concrete.
Formula for pile foundation. S = 3.14 * r, S is the surface area of ββone column, r is the radius of the pile.
V = H * n, where H is the height of each pillar of the foundation, and n is the number of columns. For example, a column diameter of 20 cm, a length of 2 meters. It will take 0.0628 cubic meters of concrete.
Formula for slab foundation. V = S * H. S is the total area of ββthe whole plate, and H is the thickness of the plate. For example, for a slab 5 m long, 5 m wide and 0.15 m thick, you will need: V = 5 * 5 * 0.15 = 3.75 cubic meters of concrete.
Calculator calculator
There is a special program: concrete volume calculator online. It is only necessary to hammer the data in the table, for each action there is an explanation. You can calculate how many materials for concrete you need, sand or gravel, for example.
A convenient way to calculate the volume of concrete and its bonding components. Calculation for one batch or even a bucket is also possible. Of course, this calculation will be approximate, definitely, you need to try to knead and look at the result.
This is for the manual kneading of all ingredients. With production kneading, all indicators are, of course, more accurate. Using the calculator, you can also save your time, you do not need to display all the calculations according to the formulas yourself. In addition, making errors is minimal with online counting. Nobody wants to overpay if the error is up, and then look for a place where this concrete can be determined. And when counting down, of course, I donβt want to call the concrete mixer several times and pay once again for the delivery of concrete. Many calculators have tips.
How to calculate the volume of concrete for the floor?
So, for floor screed you need to make the necessary calculations first. The formula for calculating the volume of concrete cubes for screed: V = S * H, where S is the surface area of ββthe screed, H is its thickness. For example, the area is 10 square meters. m, and the screed thickness is 0.5 m. V = 10 * 0.5 = 5 cubic meters of concrete is needed for screeding.
In addition to the volume of concrete, you can determine how much cement you need if you fill the floors yourself. You should multiply the resulting amount by 490. That is how many kilograms of cement should be in one cube of concrete. You can calculate the amount of sand, for which you need to multiply the resulting amount of cement by 3, and get the exact result.
Concrete rings
What is reinforced concrete? These are reinforced concrete products. Reinforced concrete rings are made of reinforced steel and concrete. The purpose of these rings is to build wells, this is its frame. You can also calculate the volume of concrete in concrete rings by contacting online resources, using various online calculators for counting. You only need to know the height, diameter and thickness of the ring.
But there is also a formula for self-counting. It looks like this: V = H * S, where H is the height of the ring, S is its area. To determine the area, you need to calculate the parameters of the outer circle, for this one second number of pi is multiplied by the diameter and by 2. It has the following form: S = 1 / 2Ο * D * 2. Then you need to use the same formula to calculate the inner circle, and then the inner area is taken from the outer circumference, and we get the ring parameters.
Weight of 1 cube of concrete?
To answer the question, how much does 1 cube of concrete weigh, first you need to know the density of the solution. Of course, the higher the density, the greater the weight of concrete.
Usually in the construction take a value of 490 kg. This is the amount of concrete in one cube, but, to be more precise in this matter, it all depends on its type.
By weight, the solutions are divided into light, heavy, especially light and especially heavy.
- Particularly light weigh up to 500 kg. These are cellular concrete. They include only sand, cement and foaming agent. Used for the manufacture of plates and blocks.
- Lungs weigh between 500-1800 kg. The filler is usually expanded clay, but there are still fillers of the porous structure. Used for pouring screeds, block products, fences.
- Heavy from 1800 to 2500 kg. They have such weight due to heavy fillers, such as gravel, crushed stone, coarse sand. This type is used for screeds supporting structures.
- Particularly heavy from 2500 to 3000 kg. Heavy concrete has a slightly different structure, it largely depends on the brand of cement, although the differences in weight are small, but they still exist. And they make this kind only in production.
That's how much 1 cubic meter of concrete weighs, depending on its composition and area of ββapplication.
Concrete Quality Indicators
There are 5 indicators of concrete quality, they are indicated by letters and numbers. The first indicator is a concrete brand, for example, M100 - M800, where the numbers indicate the strength of the material. The second indicator is the concrete class, for which the manufacturer gives a guarantee, for example, B3.5 - B60. The third indicator is the level of frost resistance F (25β1000). The fourth indicator is the water resistance coefficient, denoted by W (2β20). The fifth indicator is the mobility of concrete. Designation βPβ (1β5).
Concrete brand. Application
M 100 is used before reinforcement.
M 200 (B 15) - this brand is used for pouring the foundation.
M 300 (B 22.5) - is in demand for the construction of monolithic structures and strip foundations.
M 350 (B 25) - they are produced for the manufacture of reinforced concrete products, pools, piles, etc. are made from it.
M 400 (B 30) - build bridges, build hydraulic structures.
M 450 (B 35) - grasps quickly, therefore it is used only for the construction of subways, dams, dams.
M 500 (B 40) and M 550 (B 45) are high-strength concrete grades. They are intended for special construction and hydraulic structures.
How to protect concrete
In construction, waterproofing helps protect concrete. There are concepts of primary and secondary protection. Primary protection includes a set of measures taken for the initial rational protection, for example, the choice of the correct form, material, thickness of the concrete coating layer, etc. Also, this type of protection includes impregnation of concrete with special waterproofing mixtures, for example, penetrating action.
Secondary protection includes measures for additional coating of concrete. For this, various means are used, thin-layer impregnations, highly filled coatings and self-leveling floors. Foundations, for example, are waterproofed first with roofing material, and then, when fully prepared, with bituminous mastic.
It is not so difficult to calculate the volume of concrete yourself, having at hand all the parameters, and knowing the formula. It is even easier to do this with the help of special programs. A concrete volume calculator will greatly simplify the task.