Structural elements of a building enclosing its volume are called enclosing structures. These include, for example, walls, floors, ceilings, partitions, etc. Enclosing structures can be both external and internal. External perform an important function of protecting the room from the influence of various environmental factors. Internal are intended for division of the room into separate sectors.
A feature of the device of such structures is that they can be installed both in place (monolithic) and assembled of their imported elements - finished blocks, etc. Enclosing structures can consist of both one layer and several. With a multilayer construction, the main layers can be such as insulating, bearing, and also finishing.
The importance of such structural elements of the building is difficult to overestimate. Indeed, the working and operational characteristics of the premises, both residential and industrial, mainly depend on them. As an example, consider the walls.
The construction of walls should be carried out in compliance with all technological requirements. If these are
brick walls, the masonry should be neat and proper. Be sure to fill all joints, both vertical and horizontal, with cement mortar. Otherwise, moisture can penetrate through the gaps into the room. In addition, the masonry must be made absolutely in the same plane.
External building envelopes made of prefabricated blocks must also be mounted correctly. Particular attention is required to the seams between the plates. For their putty should be used high-quality cement mortar. There should not be a single gap between the panels. If they remain, it can lead to unpleasant consequences such as increased humidity and low temperatures.
Modern requirements for the design of premises and buildings involve the use of new types of enclosing structural elements. Such a modern look can be attributed to translucent walling.
These are constructions, characterized in that they freely transmit light into the room. It can be such structural elements of buildings as windows, glass doors, stained-glass windows, etc.
There are types of buildings in which almost all building envelopes can be translucent. For example, winter gardens, pavilions, etc.
Translucent facade systems are most often mounted on an aluminum frame. Sometimes it can be metal-plastic, wooden or steel. In addition, such enclosures may be single or double. In those packages where there are two glazing contours, they can be located at a small distance from each other (15-30 cm), or they can be “corridor” systems with a distance between glasses of up to 1 m. The second type of double-glazed windows is much more expensive and Us in the country is rarely used.
The value of building envelopes in a building is difficult to overestimate. In fact - this is the room itself, the box, that is, its main part.