The design of the roof largely determines the appearance of the building, the comfort and safety of staying in it. In addition to the main coating, this system contains a whole complex of the most important components and additional materials - vapor barrier, ventilation elements, waterproofing, various heaters. All of them perform the most important functions to ensure the safety of the structure and create a microclimate inside the house.
The exclusion of any element of the system or its incorrect arrangement will become destructive not only for the entire structure, but also lead to the general destruction of the building and, as a consequence, to the need for serious and costly repairs, because the roof structure plays a key role in protecting the building from all kinds of natural influences.
All “roofing pies”, according to the principle of their construction, have very significant structural differences due to climatic and operational conditions, as well as the type of building. In this regard, each roof structure is unique and has purely individual conceptual features.
All types of roofs can be very roughly divided into flat and pitched. Widely used both in industrial and residential buildings, the flat roof structure is often mounted either on flat roofs or on roofs with a minimum angle of inclination. Such a building coating system involves the use of bitumen or roll materials.
The base surface for a device of this type of roof structure can be floor slabs, a flat wooden or metal platform, as well as an asphalt concrete screed. However, the roof structure is never made completely flat. An imperceptible slope (up to five degrees) in the direction of the center of the roof should always be present. The purpose of such slopes is to discharge rainwater into the funnels of the drainage system. Sometimes it is advisable to equip such roofs with a storm rainfall emergency discharge system.
Unlike flat roofing systems, the device of pitched structures must necessarily include supporting rafter structures, ridge elements, crate and other components. Such wooden roof structures, in addition to wood, imply the use of metal profiles or a reinforced concrete base as load-bearing elements.
The abundance of coating materials used in the arrangement of this type of roof is also impressive. This is almost all types of tiles, and decking, and slate, and much more. The insides of this multi-layer “roofing cake” are filled with insulating materials. There is a clear relationship between all the components of such a complex roofing structure. Poor installation of at least one of them will violate the functionality of the entire system and will negatively affect the operational characteristics of the structure.
If you imagine a pitched roof device in the form of a complex of various systems, then the following structural sequence is formed: rafters system, vapor insulation, thermal insulation, waterproofing, ventilation of the under-roof cavity, external coating and drainage system.