The selection of varieties of cherries grown in Russia is huge. It is represented by varieties bred by breeders and amateurs, as well as brought from Western Europe. On non-chernozem lands grown "Luba" and "Vladimir" cherry. These varieties account for almost seventy percent. The remaining thirty are represented by the "field vole", "fur coat", "flask" and "Zhukovsky".
In the North-West region they plant “Korostyn,” “Amorel,” and “Ruby.” In industrial gardens, cherry varieties are productive and transportable species. In household plots, the choice of trees is wider and depends on the fruiting seasonality. The characteristics of plants differ and depend on the climatic conditions of the zone in which they grow.
Amorel Nikiforova
This variety was created by breeders from cherries grown in the gardens of the Nizhny Novgorod region. The tree trunks are “amorel” not wide and not high. They are covered with thick and spreading branches, which are convenient for picking berries. The fruiting period is sixteen years. Trees are resistant to frost.
The first crop is removed three years after planting a seedling. The flowering process begins in the second half of May. Berries ripen in July. This cherry variety is distinguished by large fruits, the weight of which reaches 3 g. One tree can yield up to 16 kg. The shape of the berries is round, slightly flattened. The taste of the fruit has a pronounced sourness, mostly sweet. The bone is well separated from the pulp.
"Crimson"
This variety of cherries is the result of the crossing of "fur coat" and "Vladimir". The crown of the trees resembles a ball. The squat tree resembles a bush. The berries ripen early, so the "crimson" is considered a quick-growing species. Mature tree gives up to 7 kg of fruit.
Full berry removal is done at the end of July. The fruits are bright red. Their taste is sweet and sour. Judging by the extended description of the "crimson" cherry variety, the berries are not only on sale, but also subject to canning.
Vladimirskaya
The variety was bred during folk selection. It gained huge distribution not only in the Black Earth region, but also on the lands of the Northwest region. The weight of one berry reaches 4 g. The peel of the fruit is dense, bright red. Initially, the berries are light, but at the time of final maturity they become almost black. In the photo of the cherry variety this is clearly visible.
Berries are great at transporting. They are recycled, frozen, sold fresh.
"Belle"
This species was bred in the Vladimir region. Trees bloom in spring. In May, covered with a wide crown. The size of the leaves is small. The pulp of the fruit is light, pink. The bone separates easily. The leg is thin. In the description of the cherry variety, it means that the tree is characterized by increased resistance to low temperature. The kidneys do not freeze.
Productivity exceeds 20 kg. The variety needs cross-pollination. Berries finally ripen after removing the fruits of the "Vladimir".
Griot of Moscow
Trees of this species have a crown forming a ball. Flowering occurs in the second half of May. Harvesting begins in late July. One plant can produce up to 15 kg. Resistance to frost is average. Parts of the vegetative system freeze during the cold winters.
If you look at the photo of the Moscow Griot cherry variety, you can see that it resembles the Griot of Ostheim. The Moscow version was derived on the basis of European selection material.
Zhukovskaya
This species was obtained in the laboratory of Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin. Tree trunks are tall. They reach four meters. The crown has the shape of a cone. Leaves have a dark green color. They are dense and fleshy. The hue of the bark is dark brown, green on young shoots. Berries after ripening acquire a pronounced red tint. The pulp is juicy, the juice is sweet.
The bone is small. It separates easily. One berry weighs four grams. Trees are characterized by moderate frost resistance. The fruits ripen almost simultaneously, do not crumble. To be transported. Sold in fresh, canned and frozen form. Zhukovskaya is on the list of the best varieties of cherries.
Korostynskaya
This cherry was grown by breeders of the Novgorod region. She tolerates frosts perfectly. It has abundant productivity. The fruits are removed in late July. The height of the trees reaches 5 meters. The number of trunks is 4. The foliage almost completely covers the branches that form an elongated cone.
Every year gives young growth, which breeders use for reproduction. Fruiting occurs in the fifth year. From one tree, up to eight kilograms of berries are collected. Numerous reviews with photos and descriptions of cherries confirm that Korostynskaya is an excellent choice not only for gardeners in the North-West region, but also for the Chernozem region.
The tree is characterized by increased resistance to garden pests and fruit diseases. Harvest begins in August. The berries are small, weigh only 2 g. Their shape is round, slightly flattened. Juice and flesh are sour. The color of the fruit is dark red. The stone is easily removed from the ripe berries. After ripening, the fruits hold well on a short stalk. The conical shape of the crown facilitates harvesting. "Korostynskaya" refers to the late technical varieties.
Levinka
This cherry was bred in the Vladimir region. The berries are medium, dense, covered with thick skin. Their taste with pronounced bitterness is sour. The juice has a bright red color. Trees bear fruit on their own, but their productivity increases with additional pollination.
The first berries begin to be harvested five years after planting. One season usually gets nine kilograms. Jam and jam are made from cherries. It is frozen, used in cooking. Berries do not crumble. They hold well on the stalk, which is long and durable.
In their reviews with photos, Levinka cherries are classified as technical by gardeners.
Lyubskaya
This species is considered folk. For centuries, it has been cultivated on the lands of central Russia, so it tolerates frosts well. The variety is known not only in the northern and central regions, but also in the south of the country. Matures relatively late. Harvested in late summer.
The weight of one berry can reach 5 g. The shape of the fruit is round, narrowed at the base, to which the peduncle is attached. Berries are sour, with a dense glossy peel. The fruits do not crumple during transportation, which allows the delivery of cherries to remote regions. To increase the weight of harvested berries, gardeners use pollination.
"Morel Lot"
In the reviews and description of the variety of cherries, this species is compared with the "lover". In this case, the tree is considered self-fertile and does not need cross-pollination. Berries ripen closer to autumn. They do not crumble and hold well on a thick stalk. Sour juice, painted in dark red color. The weight of the fetus is four grams.
"Oryol early"
This variety was grown in the gardens of the Oryol region. The height of the cherry trunks reaches three meters. The weight of one berry is approximately 3 g. One tree produces up to 7 kg of fruit. Harvest begins in mid-July. The resistance of the variety to winter colder than the middle strip is considered acceptable, but sometimes the fruit buds still freeze. The rest of the autonomic system also suffers.
"Patriotic"
Cherry is characterized by a high degree of fruiting. The berries are large, their weight reaches four grams. The peel of the fruit is thin, shiny. The pulp is juicy and sweet, easily separated from the oblong bone. The reviews about the "domestic" cherry variety say that this is an excellent choice for the gardens of Vladimir, Moscow, Pskov, Nizhny Novgorod regions. One bush gives up to seven kilograms of fruit.
"Natural Michurin"
Cherry provides a harvest three years after planting. The first crop begins to be harvested in early July, but full ripening may be delayed. The taste of berries has a pronounced sourness. Due to the large bone, the weight of the fetus exceeds five grams. Under the glossy skin, a bright red flesh with an abundance of juice. The liquid is bright pink. The berries are held firmly on the leg, which allows you to harvest at a later date.
Judging by the photo and description of the cherry variety, the fruits are round with a hollow in the center. One tree allows you to collect up to two tens of kilograms of berries per year. The maximum yield of one bush is 50 kg.
It shows excellent resistance to garden pests and diseases. It gives a good harvest even in mixed vegetation. Refers to self-fertile varieties of cherries.
"Vole"
A relative of the "ideal." It is a low spreading bush. The height of the barrel reaches two meters. Branches and shoots are covered with thin green bark. They are flexible and overhang the earth. Give a bountiful harvest. From one tree, up to eighteen kilograms of berries are removed. The fruits finally ripen in early August. They begin to collect at the end of July.
"Vole" - a variety of cherries for the suburbs. He is not afraid of cold winters. Frosts do not adversely affect the vegetative system.
"Ruby"
It is a bush. Its height rarely exceeds three meters. Spreading branches form a cone-shaped, wide crown. Leaves are dense, dark green, glossy. Harvest can be harvested three years after planting seedlings. From one tree collect no more than six kilograms of berries.
The color of the pulp is light, with a yellowish tinge. Juice has a sweet taste. One fruit can weigh 4 g. Winter hardiness of trees is considered average. During the frost, the vegetative system of the cherry suffers.
Leningradskaya
This variety was created by breeders of the Northwest region. Therefore, it is highly resistant to low temperatures. Trees easily survive not only the winter cold, but also the night frosts that occur in St. Petersburg in early spring.
Compact bushy plants have a wide and spreading crown. To increase fruiting, gardeners regularly prune branches. The first berries ripen in June. One cherry bush is capable of producing forty kilograms of fruit. The berries have a round shape, slightly flattened on the sides. They are covered with dense skin, painted in dark red.
The main disadvantage of the variety is considered to be uneven ripening. If you pick berries at the end of July, then part of the fruit will be still unripe. If you wait for August, then the ripened cherry will already fall. Fruiting begins five years after planting a seedling. Trees need pollination.
"Morel Bryansk"
Cherry berries are large in size. They have a smooth glossy skin that protects the flesh during transport. The color of the fruit is red, almost black. The juice is sweet, dark. Trees of this variety are self-fertile and need pollinators.
Rossoshanskaya
Trees of this species have spreading branches. There are few leaves on them. The shape of the crown resembles a cone, which facilitates harvesting. The variety was bred in the south of the Voronezh region. If you believe the description and numerous reviews of gardeners, the taste of berries is sweet. There is no characteristic sourness. The pulp is juicy and not bitter. The stone is small, easy to remove.
Advantages of Rossoshanskaya:
- uniform ripening;
- the possibility of long transportation;
- good taste;
- resistance to temperature to -35 ° C;
- the first crop is removed three years after planting.
- The tree reaches its fruitful maximum at the age of eleven.
Weaknesses of the variety:
- relatively low productivity;
- low resistance to garden pests and diseases;
- susceptibility to bacterial coccomycosis and burns;
- the need to regularly remove young growth.
The Chocolate Girl
This is a new type of cherry, which was bred by Russian breeders. The fruits of this variety are characterized by a sweet, sometimes sugary taste. The color of the pulp and juice is almost black, has a characteristic brown tint. One tree can produce fifteen kilograms of cherries.
The bush is compact. It barely reaches three meters in height. In a cold year, the taste of berries can acquire a sour note.
Youth
The strengths of cherries are early productivity and self-pollination. The first crop is obtained four years after planting a seedling in open ground. The “youth” cherry variety allows you to collect up to twelve kilograms of berries from one tree. Final ripening occurs in August. The size of the cherry bush is small. The trunk height barely reaches 3 m. It does not differ in special resistance to frost, but it tolerates frosts that occur in central Russia.
The weight of one berry does not exceed five grams. The fruits have a rich dark red color and a sweet aroma. Sour juice. "Youth" tolerates transportation well. Therefore, it is sold fresh, sent for processing, frozen. Jams are made from berries of this variety. They are added to baking and confectionery products, to dairy products.
The fruits are rich in salicylic, malic, succinic, quinic and citric acids, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium and calcium. The berries hold well on the stalk, which is attached to flexible and thin branches. Cherry bushes are compact, have the shape of a cone. The branches are covered with small dark green leaves that have a glossy sheen.
Advantages of the "youth":
- self-fertility;
- small size of the bush;
- plentiful productivity;
- early ripening;
- resistance to fungal diseases;
- the presence of immunity to moniliosis and coccomycosis;
- resistance to high humidity;
- large berries;
- excellent taste;
- good cold tolerance.
One of the weaknesses of the variety is the exactingness of the planting conditions. Cherry does not like open flat spaces. It is sensitive to the content of potassium in the soil. With a deficiency of phosphorus, productivity decreases dramatically. Lack of nitrogen leads to a decrease in the size of the fruit. Bushes require regular pruning. The growth of the crown leads to the wildness of the tree and the loss of its technical characteristics.
"Youth" is recommended to be planted in open ground in early spring. If this procedure is performed in winter, then the probability of freezing of the vegetative system increases. Subject to the recommendations and the right choice of planting location, the tree is able to give a full crop for fifteen years.
Experienced gardeners choose land on the slopes. Trees love the abundance of the sun and relatively dry ground. In the presence of surface water in the earth, the fruiting of trees will never reach a maximum. "Youth" favors slightly alkaline soils. Neutral soil is also suitable. The distance between the seedlings should be at least two meters. At the time of planting, organic fertilizers are placed in the hole.
"The beauty of the north"
The breeder who bred this variety is Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin himself. To create it, the scientist used cherry "Vladimir" and cherry "Winkler". The leaves of the trees are large, and the trunks are massive. The fruiting begins in the third year after planting. Harvesting is possible for twenty years. The weight of fruits removed from one tree is twelve kilograms.