An automated CNC woodworking machine (numerical control) is used throughout the industry. Engraving, milling - these are necessary technologies in the furniture industry. The consumer is demanding on the appearance of the finished product. The modernized equipment park allows the company to remain competitive, reducing the cost of the final product.
Types of cars
Modern CNC milling machines for woodworking have increased structural rigidity due to the use of composite materials. Dramatically different in performance from previous generations of equipment with software processing. Multi-axis systems allow you to make volumetric figures in 3d.
The CNC woodworking machine is not only of one type - they are classified according to their purpose:
- industrial;
- portal
- 3d and 5d processing;
- desktop or portable.
We will consider these groups in more detail. A CNC woodworking machine for industrial use is configured as a computer center. This installation is capable of performing a full production cycle of parts according to a loaded volumetric figure. In the process of technology, the position of all axes, the type of tool, and the number of finished products are controlled. All parameters are stored in a separate memory and are available for failure analysis.
Gantry installations are smaller and are tailored to specific production goals. The desktop type performs mobile tasks for the manufacture of piece 3d small parts. The multi-axis 5d machine produces full volumetric figures. A multi-axis system requires the use of an extended version of the CNC controller, which significantly increases the cost of equipment.
How does it work?
The CNC woodworking machine is mainly of the milling type. The tool removes a layer of material due to torque. The final product is manufactured using three types of processing:
- cutting blanks;
- drilling holes;
- surface engraving engraving.
Before starting automatic mode, machine codes are downloaded through software. 3D image is created by standard applications. The core of the installation is located in the CNC equipment. There is a continuous monitoring of cutting conditions, tool wear, the state of mechanical systems is monitored.
Software technology is developed once. Series production of parts is carried out by pressing the "START" button. The operator enters only corrective data according to the results of measuring the dimensions of the grooves, edges. The main unit of the machine is the spindle, whose power affects productivity. The mill is responsible for the quality of the resulting pattern, seam, holes.
Stepper motors provide movement of the bed with the tool in the coordinate system. The table for the workpiece is with a clamping device. It can provide circular movement for additional installation functions.
Criterias of choice
You can assemble CNC machines for woodworking at home by connecting a regular PC to the controller. However, you will need an expansion card that provides signal conditioning. Own efforts to assemble purchased equipment parts. Serial, ready-made installations are tuned for certain tasks, which simplifies the choice.
Manufacturers have already taken into account typical errors during assembly, and calculated the required rigidity of the nodes. At home, it is rarely possible to solve all the problems of emergency situations. The choice begins with the type of material, the size of the workpieces.
Take into account the need for cooling the working area, the presence of suction chips. The clamping force is calculated when placing the part in the spindle.
Installation options
CNC machines for woodworking have a number of parameters that must be taken into account when placing in the workshop for certain tasks:
- The power of the spindle unit as the most loaded element, as well as its type.
- Dimensions of the table, the length of the axes.
- A process control method, real-time information display screens.
- Line productivity, axes moving speed.
- Reliability of nodes.
When clamping a workpiece in a spindle, it is recommended to pay attention to the accuracy of axis positioning. This criterion is important when drawing a pattern on a cylindrical surface.