Oral folk art has created a lot of literary genres that perform educational and entertaining functions. Along with proverbs, sayings and riddles, folklore appears in folklore. These works of folklore, unlike other genres, are intended for children, they combine actions and poems. To begin with, we will find out what a nursery rhyme is, the definition for which many scientists tried to give. We must not forget that it is part of the heritage of spiritual culture, and this heritage has been formed over the years.
What is this genre?
If you try to figure out what a nursery rhyme is, a definition for it can be found in the literature on the analysis of folklore and its genres. This is a little funny poem that comments on the actions of the child and develops his memory and imagination. They are pronounced in a calm tone, and you can sing.
These works reflected centuries-old experience transmitted from generation to generation. Such poems written by different peoples reveal a great resemblance to each other. The aesthetic value of nursery rhymes is huge, and it affects the formation of artistic taste in children. All these genres provide the opportunity for the development of speech for the child, he remembers vocabulary, the correct use of word forms, the child’s personal dictionary is enriched. Listening to them, the child prepares to perceive a folk tale. Knowing what a nursery rhyme is, you can give a definition for children yourself. And then you can begin to study other genres of folklore.
The meaning of amusement in antiquity
Many people ask what a nursery rhyme is, the definition and photo of which we tried to give in the article. In antiquity, it was part of the nurturing process. And this process included the interaction of parents with the biofield of the Earth in order to transfer vital energy to the child.
Nurseries performed the function of including a person in society and the process of communication. That is, the accompaniment of various actions with the help of such poems helped to include the child in the general energy flow of the earth. Thus, the ancient Slavs could establish a painless adaptation of the child to the world around him. The pre-Slavic culture was organically adapted to the surrounding world, people knew how to interact with nature and raised children to worship nature.
What functions perform nursery rhymes
Many only superficially imagine what a nursery rhyme is. The definition for her will not be complete if one does not take into account such a factor: she teaches young children to understand speech, helps to form a phonemic hearing. Children learn to distinguish different types of intonation, learn to make their speech expressive.
Another important function of these verses is to help the child's physical development. The child learns gestures, movements, develops fine motor skills of fingers.
The task of an adult is to help the child master his native speech with the help of nursery rhymes. This is especially important for children aged 3 to 5 years. Studying nursery rhymes is an important way along this path to help the child master his native speech, master the spiritual wealth that people have accumulated over the years. Oral folklore becomes the basis for the development of intelligence, prepares the child for the development of the wealth of fiction and artistic culture in general.
Correspondence of nursery rhymes to different periods of child development
If you want your baby to communicate adequately with you, then you need to know at least 2 nursery rhymes (or at least 2-3 rhymes). They will help you establish emotional communication. This is very important for the child in the first months and years of his life. The tender voice of his mother, her touch and gentle words - all this has a great impact on the child, helps him get used to the environment.
The nursery rhymes in content are not complicated, and in form they are simple, but their significance for the child is enormous. They have a simple rhyme, they have a lot of exclamations, words that are often repeated. All this makes the baby listen, look at the speaker’s face, pay attention to his facial expressions.
For each period of development there is a set of nursery rhymes. If you are looking for a nursery rhyme, a definition (grade 5 contains this type of folklore in its program), it turns out that this, despite its simplicity, an outstanding work, is part of oral folk art.
Child development up to three years
It is known that early childhood is divided into micro periods, approximately three months each. This is, for example, the time from birth to three months, from three months to six, from six to nine, from nine to a year. At this time, the child intensively masters the world around him, learns the basics that will later help him become a full member of society. If you want to know what a nursery rhyme is, the definition of which can be different, you need to pay attention to the works invented for children from birth to three years. This is a huge layer of literature.
At this time, children are listening carefully not only to nursery rhymes, but also to jokes, petals, tongue twisters, and other types of folklore. Here is one example.
The ship runs across the blue sea
A gray wolf stands on its nose
And the bear of the sail fastens,
Zayushka boat leads the rope,
The fox from behind the bush looks cunningly:
He wants to steal a bunny
And pick up the rope.
Petals
These works are intended for children from birth to a year or two. If you still do not know what a nursery rhyme is, the definition of which makes you difficult, but want to use it, then you better start with the petals.
They are characterized by the fact that an adult helps the child perform movements, helps him move his arms and legs. Mom hugs the baby, massages, saying to him such words as “little thingies” and “little thingies”.
With the help of petals, children are taught to clap their hands. They say to him: "Okay, okay, wherever they were - at Annushka." Then it turns out that Mikeshka had the ladlets and went to Troshka to eat potatoes. And further in the same way.
When and how to use nursery rhymes
If you are interested in what is a nursery rhyme, a definition for children, then you must first find out in what life situations they were used. These verses helped organize the life of the child. And now the nursery rhymes are effective in those cases when the child needs to be dressed for a walk, when he needs to be reassured (for example, if he does not want to go swimming). Such works of folk culture perform an important educational function, introduce the child to the concepts of the world. But their main function is entertaining.
There is a horned goat
There is a butted goat
Legs - top-top,
Eyes - clap – clap.
Nursery Rhymes
For a child aged 3 to 6 years old, you can tell tales of fiction, explaining along the way what the nursery rhyme is. The definition for schoolchildren and preschool children should already be more accurate. Such a fiction has a fabulous or fantastic plot. It is suitable for children who can distinguish reality from fiction. When reading these works, an adult should portray surprise in his voice so that the child understands that the events that are described are clearly unrealistic.
Between heaven and earth
Piggy Rummaged
And accidentally tail
Attached to the sky.
And another interesting fiction:
A hare is sitting on a birch,
He reads a book aloud
A bear came and sat,
He listens, sighs.
According to Valery Yakovlevich Propp, a Russian linguist, in fables, reality turns inside out. These are illogical situations, the story of which produces a comic effect. To achieve this effect in fables, familiar words can change places, for example, not “a woman milks a cow”, but “a cow milks a woman”. Such fables help to prepare the child for the perception of fantastic stories in fiction, for example, for reading the adventures of Baron Munchausen, the novel by Rabelais “Gargantua and Pantagruel”. The most outstanding work of this genre in Russian literature is Kornei Chukovsky’s poem “Confusion”.
Jokes
For children aged two to three years, not only nursery rhymes are suitable, but also jokes in which there is an interesting fairy tale plot. The main characters in the jokes are animals who have the ability to make meaningful actions.
Dog in a hut
Bakes cakes,
Cat in the kitchen
Rusks are crushing
Cat in the window
Dress sews
Broom Chicken
The hut is sweeping.
Such jokes usually tell about the life of animals, but at the same time they reflect the human relations that have developed in society. The jokes are like nesting dolls - they try to give vivid signs of what is happening, all the characters they have have pronounced signs. Jokes clearly reflect the life of the people and talk about it with examples that are understandable to the child. If you want to know what a nursery rhyme is, a definition in the literature can be found in the textbook. All these folklore works have much in common with each other.