ON THE. Nekrasov "In memory of Dobrolyubov" wrote in 1864. This poem refers to the martyrology, which was created by Nikolai Alekseevich, devoting the memory of close friends. It includes, in addition to the indicated work “In Memory of a Friend” (written in 1853 and dedicated to Belinsky), “Do not cry so madly over him” (inspired by the unexpected death of Pisarev, who drowned under strange circumstances; 1868), “To the death of Shevchenko” (year of creation - 1861). In this article we will analyze Nekrasov’s poem "In memory of Dobrolyubov."
Death of the Martyrology Heroes
The heroes of all the works listed above died prematurely: at 37 years old - Belinsky, at 47 - Shevchenko, at 25 - Dobrolyubov, in 28 - Pisarev. The death of each of them is therefore interpreted by Nikolai Alekseevich not as a consequence of a tragic accident or illness. This is a real death, committed for the homeland, for your people, for the love of others. An analysis of Nekrasov’s poem "In memory of Dobrolyubov" proves this.
Dobrolyubov in the life of Nekrasov
Dobrolyubov Nikolai Alexandrovich - one of the Nekrasov “martyrs”. The years of his life are 1836-1861. This person is a famous literary critic. He created very insightful and vivid articles about the work of Goncharov, Turgenev, Ostrovsky. Nekrasov and Dobrolyubov had friendly relations. Nikolai Alexandrovich in the last years of his life was the leading publicist of the Sovremennik published by Nekrasov.
He lived in an apartment next to him, came to the writer almost daily to dine, even worked in his rooms on his articles.
What did I want to express first of all in this poem of the Nekrasov?
In 1861, Dobrolyubov died. A poem dedicated to him was written three years after his death. The poet, therefore, was guided not only by the living sorrow for the dead. After all, after three years, she should inevitably become dull. There was another artistic purpose. The author himself tells about this poem that he did not first of all bother about the fidelity of the fact, but wanted to express the ideal of a public figure, cherished at one time by Dobrolyubov. Very important for us is the recognition of Nikolai Alekseevich. Analysis of Nekrasov’s poem "In memory of Dobrolyubov" should be based on this very thought. The poet openly admits that he did not create a portrait, but painted an icon. In the poem, through the real features of Nikolai Alexandrovich, the radiance of his ideal shines through.
The new "holy" type
In Russian culture, a moral ideal, quite definite, of course, has existed for a long time. It was developed over the centuries by the Christian (Orthodox - in Russia) church and was embodied in a host of saints. However, for the intelligentsia of the 1860s, atheistically inclined, Christian holiness has long lost its guiding meaning, its attractiveness. Nikolai Alekseevich was faced with the task of describing a new “holy” type, a life model that could become a guide for people belonging to the new formation. This sample is the main theme of the poem "In memory of Dobrolyubov."
Nekrasov in the formation of his new poetic system used many elements inherent in the old. He turned, expressing in his work “the ideal of a public figure”, to images already existing in Russian culture. The poet spoke in a language familiar to readers.
The sorrow of Nekrasov
A deeply intimate, personal feeling of a fighter citizen fills this work. Our analysis of Nekrasov’s poem "In memory of Dobrolyubov" confirms this. The poet in the first lines seems to restrain his own feelings: courageous, severe grief sounds only in the subtext. It is expressed in that, referring to Dobrolyubov as a living person, saying to his friend “you”, Nekrasov uses the elapsed time at the same time (in the line “you were harsh ...”). However, the brighter the image of the deceased, the more tragic the sensation of irreversible loss sounds.
Enumeration of virtues
Nikolai Alekseevich lists the main Christian virtues in the work "In memory of Dobrolyubov." This verse describes them in idiomatic language. This is a struggle with worldly pleasures, with passions, voluntary asceticism, conversion of hearts, sermon, service to the motherland, and at the end of life - a martyrdom. However, the Christian features of Nikolai Alekseevich are filled with a different meaning, since it is not God, but the homeland that is in the center of the poetic world that describes Nekrasov ("In memory of Dobrolyubov"). The poem thus acquires artistic novelty.
Public figure - prophet
The poet hints at the prophetic talent of Nikolai Aleksandrovich - "a prophetic feather" with him. The mythology "the prophet - the ideal of a public figure" will later be expanded on in detail in the Nekrasov poem "N. G. Chernyshevsky (Prophet)", written in 1874.
The image of the prophet of Russian poetry was already well known at that time, but the poet was endowed with its functions. Times have now changed. Nekrasov writes at the end of his poem the famous lines that the poet may not be, but must be a citizen.
Nikolai Alekseevich, continuing the hagiographic tradition, also concerns the posthumous fate, the memory of Dobrolyubov. The verse dedicated to him praises the ideal described by the author. Nekrasov writes that Dobrolyubov “rose high” through the years when “passions subsided”. The author brings the inertia of Christian images to a belief in the immortality of this person - a paradoxical result.
The last two lines of this work became winged. They were often repeated by V.I. Lenin. This leader made them an epigraph to the article, which is dedicated to the memory of F. Engels. And nowadays they can be heard when grief is expressed about the death of a great man. With the laconicism characteristic of this poet, Nekrasov managed to express pride in the patriot who gave his homeland his life and a feeling of pain.
This is a brief description of the work that Nekrasov created ("In memory of Dobrolyubov"). This verse is today included in the school curriculum for literature.