Preschool age: developmental features, daily routine, tips and tricks

Preschool age is of great importance for every parent. It is at this stage that you can identify hidden pathologies and learn about the features of the development of the baby in the world. It is worth talking in more detail about the physical and psychological maturation of the crumbs.

Age stages

The entire period of a child’s growth is divided into several main stages:

• newborn - from birth to 1 month;
• nursery or infant - from 1 month to 1 year;
• preschool - from 1 year to 3 years;
• preschool - from 3 to 7 years old;
• school - from 7 to 12 years old;
• puberty - from 12 to 17 years.

It is pre-school age that is the most interesting. During this period, the little one learns the world around him and makes new discoveries for himself.

Physiological development

An important feature of preschool, preschool age is physiological development. After 1 year, the baby becomes noticeably stronger. Its muscle tissue is strengthened, the connecting frame of muscles begins to form. The movements of the baby become more clear and faster.

The immune system has also become more perfect. The child is less sick. At this age, important body systems continue to grow and develop: bone, cardiovascular, urinary, hematopoietic, nervous and endocrine.

Psychological development

For preschool children, this period is a time of study. In a year, he begins to walk and studies the world around him for one and a half years: he tries to open the doors of the cabinets, to taste all the objects in the house. It becomes overly active, which leads to bruises and abrasions.

In children from one and a half to two years, character begins to form. The baby can already confidently demonstrate its position. Watching the games on the playground, the parent is able to determine whether his modest child or fighting, greedy or generous, whether there are leadership qualities in it.

The final stage of the period of preschool age begins at 2 and ends at 3 years. At this point, it is already easy to determine the preferences of the baby: he has his favorite cartoons, games and toys. Each month, it becomes easier for the parent to determine the needs of the crumbs.

Speech development

Throughout the preschool and preschool years, the child begins to actively develop speech. This process is divided into several main stages.

• By the first year of life, a little man begins to reproduce unrelated words. The parent does not yet understand this sweet babble, but can accurately determine when his child is angry and when he is in a good mood.
• From about a year to a year and a half, his speech becomes indicative. He begins to utter phrases, pointing to a familiar subject or addressing a loved one.
• Throughout pre-school and preschool years, namely from 1 to 7 years old, he continues to learn to speak - first words, then short phrases and sentences.

Do not be upset if the baby is 2-3 years old, but he still does not speak. The development of each child occurs individually, you just have to be patient.

In order to improve the baby's speech skills, you need to communicate with him as much as possible, read books, tell tales and poems. Pediatricians were able to identify that most of the silent people are pupils of workaholic families. Parents, for whom the most important aspects are profit and career growth, entrust the child to outsiders, leave him to have fun alone with gadgets and toys.

It's time for the pot

The development of preschool children involves the acquisition of new skills. As soon as the baby has learned to walk, you can begin to gradually do without diapers.

Experienced pediatricians have developed several tips for teaching a child to potty:

• It is worthwhile to look closely at the behavior of the child and recognize how he begins to behave before when he wants to go to the potty. Then you need to start planting with each urge.
• A diaper should be worn only during sleep and while walking. If a child writes in his pants at home, it will be unpleasant for him to walk. Accordingly, he himself will try to go to the potty.
• Young children do not differ in perseverance. It is recommended that you purchase a music pot for them that can attract their attention.
• Be sure to praise the child after he went to the pot correctly. Thus, he will begin to strive to please his parents more often.

All children develop differently. Someone independently begins to use the pot for the intended purpose at 9 months, and someone acquires these skills only by 1.5-2 years. Do not scold the child if he is different from his peers.

Sleep

An important part of the daily regimen in preschool and preschool age is sleep.

One-year-old and six-month-old babies should normally sleep three times a day:

• at night - 6-8 hours;
• in the first daytime sleep - 2-2.5 hours;
• in the second daytime sleep - 1-1.5 hours.

Two-year-old and three-year-old children sleep less often. The absolute norm is sleep, the duration of which is 6-8 hours at night and 2-3 hours during the day. Deviation from the norm is allowed within 25-30 minutes.

If the baby wakes up and goes to bed at the same time, he will always be in a good mood. There are several tricks that help make the baby fall asleep:

1. It is required to turn off the TV in the bedroom and remove all the toys. Nothing should distract the baby.
2. It is recommended that you walk for 1.5-2 hours before bedtime. If the weather is bad outside, you can replace the walk with active games at home.
3. You should curtain the windows in the room and turn off the lights. Bright light has an irritating effect on the nervous system.
4. The most effective way to put your baby to bed is to hug him and tell a fairy tale. If the child falls asleep alone, then you can turn on him classic compositions that not only relax, but also form a good taste for him.

At first, it will be difficult for the baby to fall asleep when the parent requires it. Then his body will spontaneously prepare for bed at the right time.

Feeding

Preschool and preschool age is a time when a little man acquires skills that he will have to use throughout his life. The baby should eat 4-5 times a day at intervals of 3-4 hours.

The basis of the diet of a one-year-old baby includes ready-made baby food. Gradually, it can be transferred to a more "adult" solid food. Every day, a child aged 1 to 3 years should consume:

• porridge;
• a dish of vegetables (soup, puree, soup puree);
• mashed fruit;
• meat and fish puree;
• fermented milk product (cottage cheese, yogurt, low-fat kefir).

Children in pre-school age from 1 to 2 years are additionally fed with a mixture or breast milk.

You can’t feed your child fried and fatty foods, it is worth restricting the use of sweet and salty.

How to teach eating a spoon yourself?

Once the baby has reached the age of 1.5 years, you can begin to gradually accustom him to an independent meal. It is worth noting that this is a very long process. Almost all parents have learning problems. Pediatricians give some tips on this:

• Children of preschool and school age adopt the habits of adults. It is recommended that you take your baby with you to the dining table. He will see how his parents feed and begin to try to imitate them.
• You should give the baby a spoon so that he studies this subject.
• As soon as the baby gets acquainted with the spoon, you can go to the main stage - learning to self-feed. It is necessary to put a small amount of thick food in a container, scoop it with a spoon and give it to the baby. As soon as he begins to bring it to his mouth, his hand should be supported by the elbow. At first, the baby will make awkward movements, but gradually he will learn to eat independently.

It is worth considering that during training, the child can stain clothes, hair and surrounding objects. First you should put on a bonnet, bib and lay on the table a disposable napkin.

The correct daily routine for children

Pediatricians have developed the correct daily regimen for preschool children, adhering to which, the baby will always feel good.

Pediatricians claim that a deviation from the usual daily routine for 20-30 minutes is not critical for the baby. If the street is freezing or raining, you can replace the walk by watching a cartoon or playing with a parent, but do not forget about the daily airing of the room. Fresh air is essential for any living organism.

Household skills

Children of preschool and preschool age are no longer helpless. At this point, they begin:

• brush your teeth;
• wash your face and hands;
• put on and take off clothes;
• carry the dishes after themselves after eating;
• put on shoes.

Many mothers forbid babies from training in everyday skills, as they are afraid that there will be a mess at home. And to do the usual things for the baby herself will turn out faster. Educators and psychologists consider this behavior erroneous. Very soon, the baby will go to kindergarten, where the self-service skill will be very useful to him.

Bathing and hardening

Bathing the baby is an integral part of the daily routine. This procedure should be performed before bedtime. If the baby does not sleep well, then in the bath you can add a string or chamomile - this herb has a calming effect.

When bathing a baby, you should adhere to several basic rules:

• Water temperature should be in the range of 36 to 37.5 degrees. To measure it, you need to purchase a special water thermometer.
• The total duration of the procedure should not exceed 20 minutes.
• Do not wash your child at elevated body temperature. To refrain from taking a bath is also on the days of vaccinations.
• After the procedure, it is recommended to treat the skin with emollient oil or cream.

Pediatricians recommend that the hardening procedure be introduced into the daily regimen from the age of 1.5 to 3 years. It is necessary to strengthen the baby's immunity, nervous and respiratory systems and to improve his well-being. The procedure is divided into several main stages:

• it is required to pour 35 degrees water into the container;
• it must be thoroughly moistened with a diaper or towel;
• Now you should gently wipe the child's arms, legs, chest and back.

Five days is required to adhere to one temperature regime. You can gradually lower the temperature by 1 degree - until the mark on the thermometer reaches 24 degrees.

Troubling signs

Features of preschool age are individual for each baby. One child can begin to speak at the age of 1.5, and the other acquires these skills only at 2.5 years of age. One baby actively eats food himself, and the other waits for a parent to present a spoon to his mouth. Do not rush the baby, sooner or later he will master the necessary skills. But there are some behavioral features, the identification of which the parent should be alert:

• The child for a long time makes the same type of movement with arms or legs, while not responding to the comments of the parent.
• He suddenly begins to pounce on people, fight or bite.
• The kid suddenly wakes up in a dream and screams, while he is not hungry and has a clean diaper.
• He does not respond to the requests of his parents and does not understand them.

If any abnormal signs are detected, you should immediately consult a doctor for a diagnostic examination. A pediatrician, neurologist, psychologist will help to solve such problems.

Conclusion

A child and a parent are two inseparable links. The stronger the connection between them, the happier and smarter the baby will be. The main problem of preschool, preschool and school age may be a lack of love - it is required to surround the child with care and attention. Only parental love will help him grow into a full-fledged person. Do not shift his education to others, referring to permanent employment. Love your baby, communicate with him and do it.