Using a pile foundation allows you to erect buildings even in difficult conditions, which are characterized by weak soils, a high level of groundwater, and a harsh climate.
Need to use
In some cases, such a foundation is used when a difficult terrain can significantly complicate the task of construction. If you have chosen a pile foundation, you must definitely calculate the number of piles before the start of work. Using this technology, you can achieve hard soils, which will minimize the impact of these factors and will increase the reliability and durability of the building. Tying the pile foundation can be done using a grillage, which will be described below.
Varieties of pile foundations by type of piles
Supports under construction can be divided into different types, guided by certain parameters. For example, depending on the method, driven piles can be distinguished as material. In this case, wood or metal is used, in addition reinforced concrete can be used. Such piles should be driven into the soil with the help of special equipment, namely hammers or vibrocompressors. This indicates that there is no need to remove soil to the surface. If you decide to equip a pile foundation, calculating the number of piles will allow you to build a quality building that will last for a long time.
Sheath piles
Reinforced concrete piles-shells can be distinguished, which are created under the condition of extracting excess soil, and after that they are completely filled with concrete mixture. The stuffed variety of piles is equipped with the help of soil compression, after which concrete is laid in the resulting cavity, which is to be compacted, poured in layers. Insulation of the pile foundation, as a rule, is not performed.
Varieties of pile foundations by type of bearing loads and varieties of reinforced concrete supports
Considering the pile foundation, it is worth noting that there is a separation of the types of supports, which is based on bearing loads. There are piles, which transmit the voltage to the soil completely, the load turns out to be a building. It is possible to distinguish hanging piles, which exert a load on the soil with lateral faces.
In addition to the generally accepted classification, there are several varieties of reinforced concrete driven supports that can differ in cross-sectional shape, so they can be rectangular, I-shaped, square, with a round plane, square, and also semicircular. The pile foundation can be distinguished by the method of forming the support, as well as by the configuration of the design. This allows you to create a solid support structure, as well as composed of individual elements. Piles may have different endings, the shape may be pointed, with an expanded sole located on the lower side, and also open or closed completely. If you want to achieve easier and faster driving into the soil, then you need to choose pointed, extended soles, they will not allow the elements to succumb to the forces that act in the cold during tearing, since there is a possibility of pushing out the posts.
What other types of pile foundation are there
When considering the types of pile foundations, you should pay attention to how many supports will be involved in the construction. It is important to take into account the severity of the object and the configuration of the building, according to these parameters, the types of pile supports are distinguished. Among other things, it is worth highlighting single piles, which are used in cases where there is a need to transfer the load from a small area of construction, this is true when there are columns in the house design. Quite often, this option is used when the pile itself acts as a column. If you decide to use a pile and strip foundation, you must calculate the number of piles. This task can be entrusted to specialists. This base is used when it is planned to build an extended structure or mount supports around the perimeter of the building. If you use the so-called pile bushes, then the load will be taken by several supports, which are concentrated under one element of the building. This may be about the same column. You can use a pile field, this project involves a systematic arrangement of supports on the area of the base of the building. As a rule, this solution is used in cases where the building will be heavy and bulky. Varieties of pile foundations from piles, regardless of their classification, are most often used together with grillage. It is a prefabricated or monolithic structure, which is designed to combine the installed supports.
Varieties of pile foundation with grillage
A pile foundation, the design of which may contain a grillage, is sometimes low. It is equipped below the ground surface, while it remains possible to distribute the load transmitted by the building over the area of the base. The second variety of such a base is elevated, which is located above the soil surface, eliminating the possibility of transmitting stress to the soil. A high foundation is used in the construction of hydraulic structures and bridges in cases where an underground building is planned in a residential building. The main feature of the grillage is the need to combine a concrete structure with piles. Such work is carried out by means of a reinforcing structure. At the moment when steel rods are laid in the wells under the supports, their length should be greater than the length of the supports. This will allow during the construction of the grillage to form a monolithic structure.
Pile foundation design
After you have considered the types of pile foundations, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the design of this foundation. The system consists of wells, as well as waterproofing, which is based on roofing material. From this material pipes are rolled up, which should consist of several layers. They are pulled together with steel wire, which will be part of the formwork. It is impossible or very difficult to warm the pile foundation. During the construction process, the pipe is inserted into the well. After the well is waterproofed, it is recommended to make a spatial reinforcing cage. It will consist of vertical bars of reinforcement, which are fixed between themselves by crossbars. After that, the finished wells in which the roofing material is installed, performing the role of formwork and waterproofing, is filled with concrete.
Simple calculation of the required number of piles
If you decide to build a pile foundation, the calculation of the number of piles can be done by a specialist. This number will depend on the weight and size of the building, on average, the distance between the supports should be as follows. If we are talking about a wooden house, then the step between the piles should be equal to three meters. Here you should take into account frame-panel, log frame houses and those that are built of timber. If you will build a house of aerated concrete, cinder blocks and foam concrete, the distance should not be more than 2 meters. For light fences, the pitch between the supports can vary from 3 to 3.5 meters. If the wind load is impressive, then the distance is reduced to 2.5 m. Before building a pile foundation, the calculation of the number of piles should definitely be done. For this, a foundation scheme or the first floor of the building is taken. Initially, the master should arrange the piles in the corners of the building. Why it is necessary to arrange piles in those places where internal and external walls are joined, as well as bearing partitions. A pile-screw foundation, the calculation of the number of piles of which you can carry out yourself, involves the preparation of a plan. Between the piles located, it is necessary to note the position of the supports under the inner and outer walls so that the step between them does not turn out to be greater than the one defined above depending on the weight and type of the house. The rest of the space must be filled with supports in such a way that the distance between the nearest piles is no more than the calculated one, namely 2 and 3 meters.
Conclusion
Among other things, the installation of the pile foundation should assume the presence of two supports in the place where the fireplace or stove will be located. The final number of piles will depend on the dimensions of the heater.