If you do not know why ventilation in a bathhouse or sauna is so important, you should remember that the ability to maintain a comfortable temperature in the washing room, dressing room and steam room, as well as the relaxation room, will depend on the quality of this system. The safety and the life of the entire building will depend on the correctness of the ventilation system design, which is especially true when the walls are made of wood.
When designing a building, it must be remembered that ventilation must be performed taking into account several factors. The action of the system will be based on physical laws, and the scheme is clear and simple. For air circulation, openings must be inlet and exhaust.
The first is necessary for air to enter. If the ventilation in the building is arranged correctly, then such openings are located as close as possible to the floor and near the stove. Exhaust openings are used to remove superheated air and carbon monoxide. They should be positioned higher so that they are opposite the supply air openings.
Necessary materials
If you want to decide for yourself the question of how to properly make ventilation in the bath, you must first prepare the materials. The base will be wooden boxes. In a couple of hours you can make them yourself from the boards. In addition to them you will need:
- supply grilles;
- corrugated pipes;
- gate valves.
There should be 3 grates, as well as gate valves, the latter of which are also called exhaust valves. When buying a corrugated pipe, you should choose products with a length of 1.5 m. The parameters of the valves and gratings are selected taking into account the size of the room.
Gate valves are necessary in order to regulate the volume of incoming air. If you search, then on sale you can find a round screw exhaust valve. It will look more attractive and provide a snug fit, guaranteeing the flow of a minimum amount of air when closed.
Features of natural ventilation
If you plan to equip the ventilation in the bath with your own hands, you should know that it can be natural or forced. The first type works due to the difference in temperature and pressure inside and outside the room. Efficiency of operation depends on the location of the holes. The most suitable solution is to place the air inlets near the floor, as well as next to the stove.
In the first case, a height of 350 mm is observed. As for the exhaust openings, they are located below the ceiling by 200 mm. Such systems cannot be installed in steam rooms and steam rooms, because cold air will collect on the floor, and hot air will accumulate in the upper part. It will be difficult to adjust the movement of air flows, but if the ventilation elements are positioned correctly, then this problem can be dealt with.
Forced ventilation
If you have a question about how to properly make ventilation in a steam room , you can take as a basis a compulsory system, which is divided into a combined system and ventilation equipped with electronic systems. In the latter case, we are talking about a design with the ability to control humidity and temperature. By installing such ventilation, you can regulate the flow of air and ensure its filtration. Such devices are quite expensive, a lot of money will require their maintenance. Combined ventilation operates by fans
Choosing the type of ventilation depending on the material of the building
If you need proper ventilation in the bath, then you need to figure out what material is the basis of the walls. If you correctly position the vents, observe their volumes and compare with the area of the room, then natural ventilation will work well in a Russian bath of timber or logs.
Frame construction is a sealed structure. In such a better use of a forced system. In the external wall of the steam room, the supply openings should be equipped with a blower fan. If we are talking about a foam block or brick building, then only forced ventilation is installed in it.
System planning
Ventilation in a Russian bath at the first stage must be planned. You must first select a circuit. If even small mistakes are made in the design of the location of the exhaust and supply openings, this can cause undesirable consequences. In this case, the temperature often decreases or the concentration of carbon monoxide rises.
At the appropriate stages of construction, the ventilation ducts of the washing room, dressing room, and also rest rooms are installed. This should include openings for air flow, as well as the removal of carbon monoxide. Lattices and latches for adjusting the parameters of the exhaust and supply openings, as well as the cross section of the ventilation ducts, should be selected and mounted at the stage of the final decoration of the premises.
If you need ventilation of the bath, then you must remember that its operation depends on the size of the holes and their relative position. In the first case, it is necessary to take into account the volume of the room, regardless of whether you work with a relaxation room, steam room, washing room or dressing room.
Hole size selection
The parameters of the ventilation holes are selected taking into account the volume of the room. To adjust the clearance, grilles and gate valves are used. With large sizes of ventilation windows, heating the room to the desired temperature is extremely difficult. In this case, there may be a risk of excessive consumption of electricity or fuel.
Sometimes the owners of the baths encounter difficulties that are expressed in adjusting the cross-section of the channels. This is due to the fact that it is not always possible to open each door at the right distance with your own hands. Before installing ventilation in a Russian steam bath, you should provide that the opening area is calculated taking into account the following data: for each cubic meter of room volume, there should be 24 cm 2 of the area of the ventilation opening. To increase the air draft from the outside, the exhaust hole should be larger than the inlet. When the area of the holes is small, the humidity and air temperature, as well as the gas concentration, can rise to critical values.
Mutual arrangement of openings
Any ventilation system works on the basis of replacing air masses. They are set in motion by external air pressure. It must be possible to adjust the direction of the heat from the furnace. The ventilation is equipped with two air inlets. To localize heat fluxes using valves, a gap of the desired width is created.
Floor ventilation for a Russian steam room
The ventilation system in the bath is also provided through the floor. To do this, small vents are made in the foundation. Centimeter slots are left between the boards during floor laying. In parallel walls there should be supply air holes that are closed by grilles.
In order for the furnace to play the role of an additional hood, the final floor is laid above the level of the blower. After completing the procedures in the bathhouse, the doors must be left open until the floor is completely dry.
Ventilation in the dressing room and washing
In the dressing room, you can use the combined or natural type of ventilation, then fresh air will penetrate through the exact channel, and exit with the help of the fan through the channel of the bathroom, vestibule or steam room. It is possible to install a ventilator, for this it is necessary to output to the street and supply power.
Supply ventilation in a forced-type bath is needed in the washing. It is provided by an electric motor. Streams are displayed in the direction of the vestibule. The exhaust and supply ducts should have one section, the entrance of the latter is 2 m above the soil level, and the output of the first is above the roof.
Steam room ventilation device in an adjacent room
Ventilation in the steam room can be equipped using the following technology: the furnace panel is bricked with a gap in the range of 0.5 to 1 cm. Basalt wool is placed in it, since thermal expansion can cause masonry deformation and destruction. Next, you can proceed to the formation of the supply holes. In this case, one of two methods is used.
The first involves a ventilation duct under the floor from the street. Its diameter should be 120% of the diameter of the chimney. The element is displayed on a metal furnace sheet, which protects the floor surface from fire. Ventilation grilles are installed on the channel from the outside and from the inside.
Ventilation in the steam room can also be arranged according to the second method, which differs only in that the channel inlet will be outdoor. He is taken out of the street and sent to the pre-furnace sheet, installing ventilation grilles. The next step is to install the hood. It will be located on the opposite wall. It is better if it is located diagonally from the supply holes. For this, a ventilation duct is installed vertically. It is removed from the floor by 30 cm. The box for decoration can be sheathed with a lining. The area of the supply openings should be equal to the area of the exhaust. Otherwise, you will create traction, and the volume of fresh air will be reduced.
Ventilation for the furnace inside the steam room
Proper ventilation in the steam room can be arranged in one of two ways. When a stove is installed in the room, and the air enters the blower, the ventilation problem is solved automatically. Air will flow through the ajar door. A 5 mm gap is left for this. This method is relevant if the fire in the furnace is constantly maintained, which guarantees the operation of the blower.
If we are talking about a black sauna, where there is no chimney, but there is a furnace with a short-term operating mode, then a more advanced ventilation system is required. If at the same time you want to solve the question of how to make ventilation in the steam room of the bathhouse, then you must equip the podium on which the furnace is installed. It will allow you to bring ventilation boxes to the equipment. To do this, three rows of bricks are laid on the edge from the wall, where there will be a hole for fresh air ventilation.
The first row is located near the wall, the second row will be oriented along the edge, and the third in the middle. In height, such a masonry will have 24 cm. It is covered with bricks on top, but the last pair of products is not placed in the place where the furnace will be located. Next, you can proceed to the end tab. Something is put under the basement door, otherwise it will rub against the floor. One box should be directed up, the second - in the steam room.
On the wall adjacent to the relaxation room, channels for doors are installed. They will be located where the masonry passes. Doors should not reach the top of a brick shirt 12 cm. If necessary, they can be opened to warm the rest room.
An oven is installed on the podium. Sometimes metal plates are used as the basis. Holes are left for the passage of the fuel channel when lining the furnace. 2 cm should be left between the heater and the brick. Later this space is closed by non-combustible material.
Next, a brick screen is formed in which two convection doors must be installed. Exhaust ventilation at the same time is equipped according to the same principle as in the furnace outside the steam room.
Location of ventilation windows
If the ventilation in the bathhouse has windows of the corresponding purpose, then they should not be located opposite each other and at the same level. This is because in this case, hot air will not circulate normally, nor will it cover the necessary heating area.
When creating such conditions, uniform mixing of air masses will not occur, therefore, you must determine the correct placement of ventilation elements in the bath. Exhaust windows are located at a height below the ceiling, as the superheated air mass rushes up. If an exit is provided for it, it will go into the exhaust outlet, which guarantees timely air cleaning.
Possible schemes for ventilation
Ventilation in the bath can be arranged according to the following principle: the window for incoming air is located next to the heating device and is 350 mm from the floor. When the heater is heated, heavy air, which has a more impressive mass, will move from the ventilation window to the opposite wall, raising the hot stream into the exhaust hole. It will be located from the ceiling of 250 cm.
Another ventilation scheme in the bath provides for the location of holes on one wall, although this approach is not recommended. If a fan is present in the exhaust outlet, then such a technology may well be implemented. Intensive natural blowing is provided by the lower window, which is located on the opposite wall from the heater.
The air masses are directed towards the furnace, where they pick up the outgoing hot light stream, which rushes along a wide arc and covers the room, falling into the exhaust outlet. Such a ventilation device in the bath is suitable for a sauna in a house where there is only one external wall.
In order not to stretch the box on the opposite side, the windows are located in the wall that faces the street. If the bathhouse has a leaking floor, then you can use a scheme for it, in which the window for incoming air is located in the same place as in the first scheme, namely, near the heater. The exit will be organized differently. The ventilation device in the bath at the same time provides a reduction in the level of air that passes through the floor slots and helps the evaporation of moisture, which extends the life of the coating.
The exhaust hole will be in an adjacent room or an isolated channel, which does not have a large exit to the steam room. It is usually supplemented with a fan to provide good circulation along a complex path.
If you want to understand how to make ventilation in the bath, then you should consider whether to use this scheme, which is not too popular. This is due to the complexity of calculating the location of windows. The arrangement of a leaking multilayer floor can also be accompanied by difficulties, because it is important to ensure that air flows can move them in the floor cavity. Such a scheme is effective because it contributes to the most uniform heating of the steam room and helps moisture evaporate in a short time, and the wooden floor to dry faster.
Diagram of a ventilation device in a room with a constantly working stove
Another variant of the ventilation system device involves the presence of a working stove in the room. In this case, the blowing hole will play the role of an exhaust, but the supply window should be located under a shelf on the opposite wall from the heater.
In this case, cold air will rush toward the heater, raising heated air to the ceiling. Air masses during cooling will be forced down, leaving the blower hole. Before you make ventilation in the bathhouse, you should remember that today more complex schemes are known, in which there are two supply and the same exhaust windows, as well as ventilation with forced circulation of air flows. This scheme requires adjustment, but it allows you to set the required temperature in the steam room as accurately as possible.
The ideal solution would be to install a ventilation system simultaneously with the construction of the bath. If the finished room is converted into a building or you are arranging in the basement, it is better to choose a room or separate a corner with two external walls. Under such conditions, there will be no problems with the ventilation device.
In the absence of such an opportunity, when the bath is located in the middle of a private house, ventilation can be provided with ventilation ducts that connect the room to the external environment. Sometimes the ventilation pipe is discharged through the roof and ceiling. In this case, the pipe should be closed with a protective umbrella from above, so that fallen leaves and precipitation do not get inside.
Making a ventilation hole in a log house
First you need to select the crown of the desired diameter and fix it in the cartridge, after marking the place for drilling. , . .
2/3 , . . , .
, . , . , . . .
, . , , . . , .
Finally
– . . , , .
, . . . , .