For citizens and the state as a whole, capital repairs and construction, which have recently acquired special relevance, are of great importance. It is worth considering the concept in more detail and familiarizing yourself with its features.
The concept of capital construction and capital investment
Capital construction is the activity of state bodies, legal entities and citizens, which is aimed at creating new fixed assets for industrial, commercial and residential purposes, as well as modernizing old facilities. It can be called one of the most important sectors of the country's material production and the basis for the development of various sectors of the national economy. In addition, it serves as a source of expanded reproduction.
Capital construction also includes activities related to the implementation of design documentation, design and survey work, which are required for installation and construction itself.
Capital investments are costs that are directed to the expanded reproduction of fixed assets. They include funds spent on:
- purchase of tools, inventory and equipment;
- the cost of structures, products and building materials;
- payment for construction and installation works;
- other expenses.
Expenses also include the purchase of vehicles, repaired equipment, etc.
The concept of construction and construction project
Construction is a set of construction projects, the construction of which is planned or is already underway. At the same time, one project is provided, but the procedure can be performed at different construction sites. The object of construction is each separately located building with a separate project and estimate.
An object of capital construction is a structure, building or structure, the construction of which has not yet been completed. These do not include temporary buildings, awnings, kiosks and other semi-enclosed structures. Since 2005, the legislation of the Russian Federation has the concept of “capital construction project”, which has been used officially until now.
Types of capital construction
It is worth considering this concept in more detail. Capital construction is divided into the following types:
- New construction. This type provides for the appearance of a completely new facility, which is being built on a similar territory.
- Extension of the existing design. In this case, the expansion of previously constructed structures is carried out by creating new facilities on their territory.
- Reconstruction. This procedure is an improvement of existing buildings. Basically, in this case, there is no absolute reorganization and improvement of the technical condition.
- Technical re-equipment. This process has similar characteristics with reconstruction. The difference is the improvement of construction sites and individual facilities. This process allows to achieve improvement of living conditions at enterprises and contributes to the emergence of new industries.
Stages and methods of conducting
Capital construction mainly consists of several stages:
- substantiation of the construction procedure, economic and technical;
- engineering surveys;
- project creation;
- organization of construction procedures;
- site preparation and equipment for temporary structures;
- main building;
- commissioning of the facility.
There are the following methods of work in the process of capital construction:
- Contracting. It envisages the conclusion of a contract of employment, after which construction work will be carried out by employees or specialized companies.
- Economic. In this case, all procedures are performed on their own.
It is worth noting that procedures such as construction, reconstruction, overhaul and expansion of facilities should be performed by experienced professionals.
Control
The Department of Capital Construction is a functional body of the administration of a particular city, which is also included in the system of executive and administrative bodies of local self-government.
The main objectives of management are the implementation and implementation of municipal policies. It is carried out in relation to the construction and reconstruction of buildings related to social infrastructure. The projects of economic, social and integrated development of the city are also being implemented. The Capital Construction Department is involved in the detailed planning of the areas of the city that are to be developed.
The value of capital construction
It lies in the fact that the construction of this type leads to the creation of new industrial enterprises, companies of various types, commercial and educational institutions, administrative and residential buildings, as well as the improvement of existing facilities. The capital construction department ensures the creation of projects and their implementation. Structures of this type contribute to the subsequent development and strengthening of various areas of the national economy.
The concept of building legislation
The legislation on capital construction is a set of acts and norms that govern the social relations that take place during construction. With its help, the procedure for financing projects is determined. The capital construction department is engaged in establishing the design and implementation of construction and installation works. This legislation also regulates the relationship between entrepreneurs in the field of national economy.
The legislation on capital construction incorporates various rules of law: civil, financial and administrative. One of its important features is a system of regulatory and technical documentation. With their help, regulation of processes is carried out, which include capital construction and installation works. In their implementation should adhere to standards and specifications. They relate not only to the construction process, but also to the materials, structures and products used.
After reviewing the material, you can understand what constitutes capital construction, and what distinguishing features it has.