What space do we live in? What are the measurements? You will find answers to these and other questions in the article. The inhabitants of planet Earth live in a three-dimensional world: width, length and depth. Some may oppose: "But what about the fourth dimension - time?" Of course, time is also a measurement. But why is space recognized in three dimensions? This is a mystery to scientists. In what space we live, find out below.
Theories
In what space does a person live? The professors conducted a new experiment, the result of which explains why people are in the 3D world. Since ancient times, scientists and philosophers have wondered why space is three-dimensional. Indeed, why precisely three dimensions, not seven or, say, 48?
If you do not go into details, then space-time is four-dimensional (or 3 + 1): three dimensions form space, and the fourth is time. There are also scientific and philosophical theories about the multidimensionality of time, which assume that there are actually more measurements of time than it seems.
So, the arrow of time, familiar to all of us, directed through the present from the past to the future is just one of the possible axes. This makes various sci-fi schemes plausible, like traveling in time, and also creates a multivariate, new cosmology that recognizes the existence of parallel universes. Nevertheless, the existence of additional time measurements has not yet been scientifically proven.
4D
Few people know in which space we live. Let us return to our four-dimensional dimension. Everyone knows that the temporary dimension is connected with the second canon of thermodynamics, which states that in a closed structure, such as our Universe, the measure of chaos (entropy) always increases. Universal disorder cannot diminish. Therefore, time is always directed forward - and not otherwise.
A new article was published in the EPL in which researchers suggested that the second canon of thermodynamics could also explain why ether is three-dimensional. González-Ayala research co-author Julian of the Popular Polytechnic Institute (Mexico) and the University of Salamanca (Spain) said that many researchers in the field of philosophy and science addressed the controversial issue of the (3 + 1) -dimensional nature of time-space, arguing the choice of this number of his the ability to maintain being and stability.
He said that the value of the work of his colleagues lies in the fact that they present reasoning based on the physical variation of the dimension of the Universe with a reasonable and suitable scenario of time-space. He said that he and his staff are the first specialists who have said that the number three in the dimension of ether appears in the form of optimization of a physical quantity.
Anthropic principle
Everyone should know in which space we live. In connection with the so-called anthropic principle, scientists previously paid attention to the dimension of the Universe: “We see the universe as such, because only in such a macrocosm could a person, an observer” appear. Three-dimensional ether was interpreted as the feasibility of maintaining the Universe in the form in which we observe it.
If there were a large number of dimensions in the universe, according to Newton's law of gravity, stable orbits of the planets would not be possible. The atomic construction of a substance would also be improbable: electrons would fall on nuclei.
Frozen Ether
So how many dimensional space do we live in? In the above research, scientists went a different way. They imagined that the ether is three-dimensional due to the thermodynamic quantity - the density of the independent Helmholtz energy. In a universe filled with radiation, this density can be regarded as the pressure in the ether. Pressure depends on the number of spatial measurements and the temperature of the macrocosm.
The experimenters showed what could happen after the Big Bang in the first fractions of a second, called the Planck era. At a time when the universe began to cool, the density of Helmholtz reached its first limit. Then the age of the macrocosm was a fraction of a second, and there were only three ether measurements.
The key idea of the research is that the three-dimensional ether was “frozen” just when the Helmholtz density reached its highest value, which prohibits the transition to other dimensions.
This happened in view of the second law of thermodynamics, which authorizes movement to higher dimensions only when the temperature is above a critical value - not a degree less. The universe is continuously expanding, and photons, elementary particles, lose energy, so our world is gradually cooling. Today, the temperature of the macrocosm is much lower than the level that allows movement from the 3D world to multidimensional ether.
Explorers Explanation
Experimenters say that ether measurements are identical to states of a substance, and moving from one dimension to another resembles phase reversal - such as melting ice, which is only possible at very high temperatures.
Researchers believe that during the cooling of the early universe and after reaching the first critical temperature, the theory of entropy increment for closed structures could forbid some dimensional transformations.
This hypothesis, as before, leaves room for higher dimensions that existed in the Planck era, when the universe was much hotter than it was at a critical temperature.
Additional dimensions are in many cosmological versions, for example, in string theory. This study may help explain why in some of these variations the extra dimensions disappeared or remained as small as they were immediately after the Big Bang, while 3D broadcast continues to increase throughout the observed universe.
Now you know for sure that we live in 3D. Prospectors are planning to improve their variation in the future to include additional quantum actions that could appear immediately after the Big Bang. Also, the results of the augmented version can serve as a guide for those who work on other cosmological models, such as quantum gravity.