English oak tree reaches a diameter of one and a half meters and 40 m in height, and its life span is 300-400 years. The oldest representative is oak, which, according to experts, give one and a half thousand years.
This is a tree with a cylindrical trunk covered with silver-gray bark and a spherical vast crown. The plant has brilliant shoots of light brown or reddish-gray color, with whitish small lentils, which acquire a light gray color with age. At the end of the shoot there is an apical bud reaching 5 mm in thickness and 6 mm in length, at the base of which there are several more of the same, smaller, neighbors.
All buds that have a leafy oak are light brown in color with blunt or pointed ends. The leaves of the plant are elongated obovate, with 6-8 lateral lobes reaching 7 cm in length and 4-6 cm in width, have a leathery structure. The color of the foliage on top is dark green, shiny, on the bottom is green or yellowish. This is an incomplete description of oak.
Also, the tree has dioecious flowers. The male ones consist of 6 stamens and a webbed perianth, collected in long hanging earrings in a group of ten pieces, which are located in the lower part of young shoots or at the ends of last year’s processes. Female flowers sit together on a reddish long stem and consist of a separate perianth, bordered by green scales, and an ovary with a filiform edge stigma.
Acorns are fruits that are cast off by oak oak, grow up to 4 cm in length and 1.2 cm in diameter, have a cylindrical or elongated-ovoid shape, covered with a thin, woody thin peel of brownish-yellow or light brown color. At the base, acorns have a saucer-like plus.
The cherry-tree species, like the common oak, has spread throughout Europe. The northern border of growth passes above St. Petersburg and south of Perm and Vologda. The plant is found in mixed or pure stands in two forms (late and early-growing oak), which differ in the period of the onset of phenological phases. The early form of the tree begins to bloom in late April or early May. Acorns ripen in October.
Basically, oak oak grows in a mixed forest next to ash, hornbeam, maple, less often you can see clean plantings (floodplain oak groves).
The early-blooming form of oak is widespread on moist, rich soils, while the late-blooming one prefers high places with less fertile soil. The plant belongs to relatively photophilous breeds, which prefer lateral shading with top full lighting. English oak belongs to xeromesophytes and can be content with a relatively small amount of water. The plant develops best on loamy and sandy loamy soils.
Oak grows with strong, solid wood, which has a beautiful structure, which has found application in the carpentry, furniture production, as well as in shipbuilding and carriage building. The most valuable is wood, which for a long time lay in the ground or under water (black oak). Surrogate coffee is made from plants acorns; up to 18 percent of tanides are contained in the cortex; it is used in the medical industry. In addition, trellised oak is widely used in afforestation as field protection, in park construction, for landscaping streets and alleys.
Almost all parts of the plant contain tannins, from which tannin extracts are produced. Acorns contain about 40 percent starch. Bark and oak leaves, which are collected in spring and summer from young plants, are used as medicinal raw materials for the production of anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and hemostatic drugs.