Scientists still have not agreed on what is primary: skills are formed on the basis of skills or, conversely, skills-based skills. While theoretical scientists argue, we will try to learn how the skill differs from the ability in practice. And for those involved in raising children, training specialists in any field of activity, it is important to know how to quickly and correctly form their life and work skills and abilities.
Skills are ...
The phrase "skilled worker" is pronounced respectfully in relation to someone who quickly and correctly performs their work, is smart in solving production problems that have arisen. Such an employee is prepared theoretically and practically to perform certain actions and is creative about work.
What is the difference between skill and ability? Skill requires:
- conscious attitude to planning their actions to achieve a result;
- knowledge of the properties, qualities of the object of labor and methods of working with it;
- skills of working with tools and supporting materials.
That is, a skill is such a way of performing an action that is based both on firmly formed skills and on specific knowledge about the object of work, its properties, and possible ways to work with it. Skills are the basis for the formation of skills.
What are skills
Then what is the difference between skill and skill, which is more durable?
Skill is a way of accomplishing some actions brought to automatism. Skill and skill differ from each other in that the second is stereotyped, does not require special theoretical training, creativity.
The algorithm for performing a specific operation does not change, mental and physical actions are coordinated and do not require additional deliberation, preliminary planning.
For example, teaching a child independent actions with a spoon, the mother fixes his attention on the sequence and rules of actions with her (in which hand and how to hold, how to scoop food, bring it to her mouth). As the skill of forming is formed, the instructions become less and less, the child learns the actions and automatically begins to correctly perform them in any situation.
The motor skill and skill differ from each other in the degree of their comprehension and controllability by a person. Skill also requires its creative development and improvement.
Types of Skills
Determining the type of skill is associated with human activity. Of the four types of skills (sensory, motor, intellectual, communicative), the most frequent changes are communicative, since the rules of social life are quickly changed by people themselves in accordance with socio-historical changes in the country and in the world.
Mixed skills combine several types: working on a computer requires a combination of intellectual skills (reading and writing text), motor (typing). Particularly distinguished general education.
First, they are developed in the process of teaching a subject, but then they are used in many fields of activity. In everyday life, for example, we freely use the computational actions formed in mathematics.
A number of skills are used in narrow areas of activity (specialized skills): in medicine, in scientific work.
Skills can be:
- simple physical, that is, such simple human actions as dressing, cleaning the house;
- complex, associated, for example, with interaction with other people to achieve some goals - the ability to promote, write articles;
- systemic - the ability to distinguish between moods, psychological states of people, react to them, feel their own physical and mental states.
The list of skills needed by a modern person is extensive. It differs from those that were necessary, for example, to Pushkin's contemporaries.
Why form them
A careful analysis of any type of activity shows that it is the sum of different types of skills - the absence of one of them does not allow a person to get the desired result. This entails a deterioration in the quality of life, mental discomfort.
The lack of motor skills deprives a person of freedom of movement and action, communication, causes an excessive expenditure of energy, time and material resources.
Mental activity is impossible without observing and remembering information, comparison, analysis, without managing one's own attention, state. It is closely related to the development of sensory skills of perceiving information by ear, visually, tangibly. Sensitivity to odors is necessary for a chemist, a cook, a doctor and many other specialists.
Communicative skills are considered especially important and are formed on the basis of knowledge of the rules of behavior in various situations, allow a person to take a worthy place in society, to become its full member.
How skills are formed
Any field of activity requires specific action algorithms from a person: the difference between a skill and a dancer’s ability is to move correctly in accordance with the dance pattern and the sound of music, without thinking about movements. The driver - the ability to properly respond to traffic conditions and driving a particular type of car; from a teacher - skills in working with literature, with a team of children of a certain age, with parents, the ability to navigate correctly in unforeseen communicative situations.
The formation of the skill should be carried out on the basis of multiple fixing in memory of the sequence and method of action, bringing the action itself to automatism.
That is, an exercise is a skill formation method that guarantees the quality of the action (work) performed and leads to the formation of the ability to realize the goal and choose the desired sequence of necessary actions to achieve it.
An important issue is the consideration of the individual abilities of the student. The quality and speed of the mental and motor functions of an individual affect the timing and quality of the formation of skills.
Thus, the methods and techniques of teaching a person a conscious attitude to the labor process, preliminary planning, pondering options for proposed actions and anticipating their final results are the basis for the formation of his skills.