Ar-Razi first wrote about a kerosene lamp in the 9th century in Baghdad. The modern lamp on kerosene was invented by pharmacists Jan Zekhom and Ignatius Lukasevich in the city of Lviv in 1853.
"Bat"
The bat lamp is also a kerosene lamp. But this lamp can be carried without fear that the wick will go out from the wind. If a kerosene lamp is mainly used indoors, then a bat is a lantern that can be worn outdoors.
A lamp based on kerosene burning is called a kerosene lamp. Kerosene is a product of the distillation of oil. Such a lamp has almost the same principle of operation as an oil lamp. Kerosene is poured into a special container and the wick is lowered into it. The second end of the wick is at the top and is fixed by a special mechanism with which it can be lowered and raised. In this case, air enters the wick from below. A kerosene burner uses a wicker wick, unlike an oil lamp. To ensure air draft, a special lamp glass is mounted on top of the kerosene lamp. In addition to traction, it also protects the burning wick from the wind.
As a result of the implementation of the GOELRO plan for the introduction of electric lighting throughout the country, kerosene lamps are mainly used in the most remote corners of Russia. Where electricity is often cut off. And besides, they are used by skiers and tourists. A special lamp, the so-called “camping kerosene burner,” is even available for hiking.
Wind-resistant lanterns, also called "bat lamp", are available in two versions:
- with a signal pad, which is needed for use both in air and indoors, as well as a means for signaling when using horse-drawn movement, in order to ensure safety;
- without lining, for signaling, for indoor use and for outdoor use.
Kerosene - device and purpose
Another type of heating devices based on kerosene burning is kerosene. In fact, this is the same kerosene burner . It also contains a wick immersed in a container with kerosene, which is ignited from above. Naturally, liquid kerosene will not burn, but kerosene permeates the wick and a flame occurs at the end of the wick, where kerosene vapors that rise along it evaporate.
Kerosene is considered the least dangerous, you can extinguish it, just blow out the fire, and when you ignite, you do not need to warm anything.
But there are also disadvantages. The wick is consumed very quickly and needs to be changed often. In order for the kerosene to generate enough heat, you need not one, but a couple or even three wicks, and wider ones. And all of them must be constantly monitored to avoid the extinction of the flame and soot.
But on the other hand, kerosene burns much more slowly than a primus stove or a kerosene lamp. True, this does not give the expected result, since a lot of heat goes into the air and its efficiency is extremely low.
Primus kerosene
Another device that works on lighting kerosene is a primus. The primus "Record-1" is widespread. It is the most highly efficient and economical heating apparatus for kerosene. Primus is convenient for fishing, hunting, at the cottage and on expeditions, on camping trips and more, due to its small size and weight.
Primus differs from all other similar devices in that it operates at the excess pressure that is created in the tank. In thin tubes, kerosene under pressure is driven next to the burner, which is burning at this time. Being in close proximity with an open fire, kerosene turns into fumes that burn at the exit of the same burner. Therefore, it is erroneous to assume that kerosene burns in the primus. His couples are burning. Primus is also a kerosene burner in some way , but the principle of combustion is different.
Kerosene vapor comes out under significant pressure, about one and a half to two atmospheres. Therefore, the primus is quite noisy. Of course, he does not make noise like a vacuum cleaner, but he will wake a person sleeping nearby if he comes up with the idea of lighting it up at night.
Pros and Cons of Using Primus
The small sizes of the primus combine perfectly with impressive thermal power. However, during operation, the small nozzle in the burner is constantly clogged and must be periodically cleaned with a special needle.
When using a primus, there is a great danger of spontaneous combustion of the device. And since the pressure inside it is large, in the case of depressurization, kerosene spills out with a thin strong stream, which most often immediately ignites. And it’s impossible to put out just trying to blow out the fire. It’s necessary to relieve pressure and wait until the kerosene primus extinguishes itself.
In addition, it is quite difficult to run the primus correctly. You will have to first heat up the tube system with alcohol, and only then you can light up the stove itself.
Primus stoves have been known since 1892 and have proven themselves during this time only on the good side, helping out tourists and travelers, and just people who find themselves in difficult living conditions.
Kerogas - kerosene burner
The advantages of primus and kerosene are incorporated in kerogas or a kerosene burner - this is a hybrid of primus and kerosene. But he also absorbed their shortcomings.
The kerosene burner (kerogas), like the stove, takes kerosene through the wick, which, unlike the stove, does not burn. Rather, it burns, but only during ignition, but the kerosene fumes that arise in a special compartment equipped with double walls burn.
Modern kerogases are much simpler and more convenient than old ones, which had to be dismantled before use, so that after opening the fuel supply valve kerosene would soak the entire wick. Then the wick was set on fire in several places, and only after that it was possible to insert the internal compartment into the kerosene burner body and use it.