Each novice gardener wants to grow different types of fruit trees on his plot, but the area of the plot does not always allow to grow many trees. The grafting of fruit trees will help in solving this issue, as a result of which several varieties can be grown on one tree. Consider vaccination using the example of an apple tree.
Vaccination of apple trees , as well as vaccination of pears can be carried out by different methods. The most common of these are split vaccination, copulation into split, and lateral incision into the incision.
Inoculation of split apple trees
This is one of the oldest types of fruit tree vaccinations . Apply this method to ennoble adult apple trees. Choose the right branch for the scion and cut at the required height. A sharp knife in the middle makes a cleavage with a depth of about three centimeters. Scion graft should have two or three well-developed kidneys. From the lower end of the scion graft, a slice is made in the form of an acute wedge along the length coinciding with the depth of the splitting.
The wedge of the shank is placed in the cleavage of the rootstock so that the layer of cambium of the stem fully coincides with the cambium of the rootstock. If the rootstock trunk is thick, two or even more different cuttings can be grafted successfully into the cleft. To protect the vaccination site from the effects of rain, drying out from sunlight and wind, you must carefully tie with hemp or a bast and coat everything with garden varnish from above.
A good garden var for gardening can be obtained by melting and mixing equal parts of natural beeswax, lard, rosin and any vegetable oil. Rosin can be replaced with the congealed resin of coniferous trees.
Inoculation of apple trees by copulation in a split.
The next method of vaccination is carried out by splitting in the copulation method. This method is used if the stem and rootstock are the same in thickness. Vaccination is carried out at a height of 5-10 cm from the root neck of the stock. In this place, a well-sharpened knife makes an oblique cut of the trunk. The length of the cut should be about two centimeters. The oblique cut is exactly the same in length and direction at the lower end of the handle with two developed buds. After that, the knife is introduced to a depth of one centimeter and with a quick movement the stalk is inserted into the stock, making sure that the tongue enters the cleavage. It is necessary that the cambium of the cuttings and the rootstock coincide not less than on one side.
After vaccination with a bast, carefully tie the junction and smear varnish on all sides to protect it from adverse weather conditions.
Not always the surface of the slices are smooth. Before vaccination, you can pre-train on unnecessary rods.
Side incision of apple trees in an incision
This vaccination method is best used in the spring, using grafts with single buds for grafting, which are placed in a side incision on the stock. With a sharp knife make a side incision on the stock. The depth of the cut should be about three centimeters, but not reach the middle of the stock. After this, the handle should be taken with the left hand, and with the blade of the knife with the right hand, make an incision of the handle located one centimeter above the kidney. The length of the incision should be about three to four centimeters. After this, the kidney wedges are separated from the handle and held by the edges of the cortex near the kidney with two fingers of the left hand. With the right hand on the rootstock trunk, a part of the cortex is cut with a sharp knife so that the wedges with the kidney coincide in area with the resulting cut. After this, wedges with a kidney are placed with a quick movement on the stock in the area of the cut. It is necessary to ensure that the cut of the wedge coincides with the cut and the bark also coincides with the stock in at least a small area.
After vaccination, the junction is tied with a bast, making sure that the kidney remains free. He adverse environmental impacts the vaccination site is protected with a special paper cap.
In these ways, you can vaccinate different fruit trees, getting different cultivars.