The story "The Captain's Daughter", a retelling of which is proposed in this article, was written by Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin in 1836. It tells of the Pugachev uprising. The author, creating the work, was based on the events that actually took place in 1773-1775, when the Yaik Cossacks, under the leadership of posing as Tsar Peter Fedorovich Emelyan Pugachev, started a peasant war, taking in the helpers villains, thieves and fugitive convicts. Maria Mironova and Petr Grinev are fictional characters, but the fateful times of the civil war truly reflected in their fates.
1 chapter. Sergeant guard
The story "Captain's Daughter", the retelling of which you read, begins with the story of Peter Grinev about his life. He was the only child who managed to survive out of 9 children of a poor noblewoman and a retired major, lived in a noble family with an average income. The old servant was actually the tutor of the young master. Peter received a poor education, since his father hired a Frenchman - hairdresser Bopre - as a tutor. This man led an immoral, dissolute lifestyle. For depraved actions and drunkenness, he was eventually expelled from the estate. And Petrush, a 17-year-old boy, his father decided to send to serve in Orenburg on old connections. He directed him there instead of Petersburg, where they were supposed to take the young man to the guard. To look after his son, he attached Savelich, an old servant, to him. Petrusha was very upset, because instead of the capital's festivities, he was waiting for a joyless existence in this wilderness. Alexander Sergeevich writes about these events in the story "The Captain's Daughter" (1 chapter).
The retelling of the work continues. The young master, during one of the stops on the way, gets to know Zurin, the ringleader-captain, because of whom he became addicted to the game of billiards under the pretext of training. Soon Zurin offers the hero to play for money, and in the end Peter loses 100 rubles - a significant amount at that time. Savelich, who was instructed to keep the master’s “treasury,” protests that Pyotr Grinev will pay the debt, but the master insists on this. Savelich had to submit and give money.
2 chapter. Counselor
We continue to describe the events of the story "Captain's Daughter". The retelling of the second chapter is as follows. Peter, in the end, begins to be ashamed of this loss and promises the servant not to play for more money. A long journey awaits them, and Savelich forgives his master. But again, because of Peter's imprudence, they are in trouble. Despite the impending storm, Grinev ordered the coachman to continue on, and they got lost and nearly froze. However, luck was on the side of the heroes - they suddenly met a stranger. He helped travelers to the inn.
We continue our retelling of the 2nd chapter of "Captain's daughter". Grinev recalls that he, tired after this unsuccessful trip, had a dream in a wagon, which he called prophetic: he saw his mother, who said that Peter's father was dying, and his house. After that, Grinev saw in the father’s bed a man with a beard who was not familiar to him. Mother informed the hero that this man is her named husband. Peter refuses to accept the "fatherly" blessing of the stranger, and then he grabs the ax, corpses appear everywhere. Grinev, however, he does not touch.
Now they are approaching the inn, which resembles a thief's refuge. A stranger, frozen in an Armenian, asks for wine from Petrusha, and he treats him. Between the owner of the house and the peasant begins an incomprehensible conversation in thieves' language. Peter does not understand his meaning, but what he heard seems to the hero very strange. Grinev, leaving the rooming house, thanked again to the displeasure of Savelich, his guide, giving him a hare sheepskin coat. The stranger bowed back, saying that he would not forget this mercy forever.
When, finally, the hero gets to Orenburg, one of his father’s colleagues, after reading a letter asking him to keep the young man “in black gloves,” sends him to serve in the Belogorsk fortress - an even more remote place. This upsets Peter, who had long dreamed of a guards uniform.
3 chapter. Fortress
Chapter 3 of the story "The Captain's Daughter", a retelling of which is brought to your attention, begins with the following events. We meet the commandant of the fortress. Ivan Kuzmich Mironov was its owner, but in fact everything was controlled by the wife of the boss - Vasilisa Egorovna. These soulful and simple people immediately liked Peter. The elderly couple already had a young daughter, Masha, but so far her acquaintance with the main character has not taken place. In a turned out to be an ordinary fortress village, a young man meets a lieutenant named Alexey Ivanovich Shvabrin. He was sent here from the guard for participating in a duel that ended in the death of his opponent. This hero often snapped about Masha, the captain’s daughter, exposing her as a fool, and generally had the habit of speaking unflattering about people. After Grinev himself met the girl, he expresses doubt about the remark of the lieutenant. We continue our retelling. The Captain's Daughter, chapter 4, is summarized below.
Chapter 4. Duel
Compassionate and kind by nature, Grinev began to communicate more closely with the commandant's family, and gradually moved away from Shvabrin. Masha did not have a dowry, but she turned out to be a pretty girl. Peter did not like Shvabrin's sharp remarks. In the evenings, inspired by thoughts of this girl, he began to write poetry to her and read them to Alexei Ivanovich. But he only made fun of him, having begun to further humiliate the dignity of the girl, saying that she would come at night to anyone who would give her earrings.
In the end, the friends had a big fight, and a duel was to take place. Vasilisa Yegorovna found out about the duel, but the heroes pretended that they had reconciled, and they themselves decided to postpone the fight the next day. In the morning, as soon as they drew their swords, 5 disabled people and Ivan Ignatich brought them to Vasilisa Yegorovna under escort. After properly reporting the duelists, she let them go. Alarmed by the news of this duel, Masha told Petr Grinev in the evening about the failed matchmaking of Alexei Shvabrin to her. Then Grinev understood the motives of this man’s behavior. The duel still took place. Peter turned out to be a serious opponent for Alexei Ivanovich. However, Savelich suddenly appeared in a duel, and, hesitating, Peter was wounded.
5 chapter. Love
The retelling of the story "Captain's Daughter" continues, we have already reached chapter 5. Masha came out wounded Peter. The duel brought them closer, and they fell in love. Grinev, wanting to marry a girl, writes a letter to parents, but does not receive blessings. The refusal of the father does not change the intentions of the hero, but Masha does not agree to marry secretly. Lovers move away from each other for a while.
Chapter 6 Pugachevschina
We bring to your attention a retelling of Chapter 6 ("The Captain's Daughter"). Excitement begins in the fortress. Mironov receives an order to prepare for the attack of robbers and rebels. Calling himself Peter III, Emelian Pugachev escaped from custody and is now terrifying the local population. He is approaching Belogorsk. There are not enough people to protect the fortress. Mironov sends his wife and daughter to Orenburg, where it is more reliable. The wife decides not to leave her husband, and Masha says goodbye to Grinev, but she is no longer able to leave.
Chapter 7 Violence
Pugachev offers to surrender, but the commandant does not agree to this and opens fire. The battle ends with the transition of the fortress into the hands of Pugachev.
Emelyan decides to punish those who refused to obey him. He executes Mironov and Ivan Ignatich. Grinev decides to die, but not swear this person. But the servant Savelych rushes to the ataman's feet, and he decides to have mercy on Peter. Cossacks pull Vasilisa Egorovna out of the house and kill her.
8 chapter. Uninvited guest
This does not end the retelling of the story "Captain's Daughter." Grinev understands that Masha will also be executed if they find out that she is here. In addition, Shvabrin took the side of the rebels. The girl is hiding in the house of the horse. In the evening, a friendly conversation between Peter and Pugachev took place. He remembered the good and in return granted the young man freedom.
Chapter 9 Parting
Pugachev told Peter to go to Orenburg in order to report his attack in a week. The young man leaves Belogorsk. Mop becomes a commandant and remains in the fortress.
Chapter 10 Siege of the city
On arrival in Orenburg, Grinev reported on what was happening in the Belogorsk fortress. On the council, all but the protagonist voted not for the attack, but for defense.
The siege began, and with it the need and hunger. Peter secretly corresponded with Masha, and in one of the letters she informs the hero that Shvabrin is holding her captive and wants to marry. Grinev reports this to the general and asks the soldier to save the girl, but he refuses. Then Peter alone decides to save his beloved.
Chapter 11 Rebellious settlement
Grinev on the way gets to the people of Pugachev, he is sent for interrogation. Peter tells Pugachev about everything, and he decides to have mercy on him.
Together they go to the fortress, and along the way they are talking. Peter persuades the troublemaker to surrender, but Emelian knows that it is too late.
Chapter 12 Orphan
Pugachev learns from Shvabrin that Masha is the daughter of a former commandant. At first he was angry, but Peter this time managed to get the favor of Emelyan.
Chapter 13 Arrest
Pugachev releases lovers, and they go home to their parents. On the way, they meet Zurin, the former head of the outpost. He persuades the young man to stay in the service. Peter himself understands that duty is calling him. He sends Savelich and Masha to his parents.
In battles, Pugachev begins to lose. But he himself could not be caught. Zurin and his detachment are sent to suppress a new rebellion. Then the news comes that Pugachev was captured.
Chapter 14 Court
We continue our brief retelling. Pushkin ("The Captain's Daughter") further talks about the following events. Grinev is arrested as a traitor, according to Shvabrin’s denunciation. The empress had mercy on him, taking into account the merits of her father, but sentenced the hero to life exile. Masha decides to go to Petersburg to ask the Empress for her beloved.
By chance, a girl meets her for a walk in the garden and talks about her grief, not knowing who her interlocutor is. After this conversation, Maria Mironova was invited to the palace, where she saw Catherine II. She pardoned Grinev. Pugachev was executed. The lovers reunited and continued the family of the Grinevs.
Your attention was offered only a brief retelling of the chapters of the "Captain's Daughter" by A. S. Pushkin. It does not cover all events and does not fully disclose the psychology of heroes, therefore, to form a more detailed picture of this work, we recommend that you refer to the original.