Based on information from various sources, as well as taking into account the practical experience of owners of private real estate, many believe that the process of erecting a particular outbuilding is not difficult. In particular, this applies to the bathhouse. In general, this conclusion is correct. However, at one or another stage of work there are some nuances that must be taken into account. Regarding the construction of the bath, it should be noted that in most cases, difficulties arise when installing the ceiling in it. Further in the article we will analyze how to avoid problems during this work.
Primary requirements
Are you looking for information on how to make a ceiling in a bathhouse? First of all, you need to learn what properties this overlap should have. First of all, it should be noted that indoor humidity is almost constantly increased. This means that the ceiling in the bath (photo of the ceiling can be seen in the article) must have high waterproofing characteristics. Equally important are the heat-saving properties of the structure. It is also necessary that the ceiling can withstand various weight loads. How to make the ceiling in the bath house so that it meets all of the above requirements? About it further.
Design features
Speaking about how to make a ceiling in the bath, it must be said that the ceiling is arranged in several stages. The optimal height at which it should be located is considered to be 2.1-2.3 m. To prevent the negative effects of moisture and so that heat does not pass through the ceiling, you need to correctly make the ceiling in the bath. This means that the design must be multi-layered:
- Boards (they finish the attic floor).
- Parchment or film (waterproofing layer).
- Expanded clay or cotton wool. These materials are used for laying a heat-insulating layer.
- Film or parchment (vapor barrier).
- Finishing
Such a ceiling arrangement is used in all three versions of its construction:
- in a binder;
- flooring;
- panels.
What is the ceiling of the bath going to?
The material for the overlap must be natural. The ideal option is undoubtedly a tree. Most often, the ceiling is constructed in a bath of aspen and larch. All elements, of course, must be treated with protective compounds and free from defects (knots and cracks). Boards should be purchased dry, but not overdried. Next, we will analyze how you can build a ceiling in the bath with your own hands.
Hemmed construction: mounting features
In this case, the ceiling in the bath house is fixed on a supporting frame. It, in turn, consists of floor beams. The rest of the multilayer floor is mounted to the frame. To the supports from the inside of the room, tongue-in or edged boards are nailed in a continuous row. In the formed "pockets" lay vapor barrier material and insulation. On top of the structure is covered with a waterproofing film. The last step in the construction of the floor is the sheathing of the upper parts of the beams in the attic.
Design advantages
The ceiling built in this way in the bathhouse with your own hands (a photo of this type of flooring can be seen in the article) is optimally suitable for construction with an attic. All work can be done independently, without involving outside help. The scheme of the overlap device is quite simple. For its implementation there is no need to use special equipment or have special knowledge.
Disadvantages of overlapping
Among the minuses, it is necessary to note the high cost of such a ceiling. In this case, most of the budget will need to be spent on the purchase of massive elements. In addition, you need a lot of long boards.
Panel construction
This ceiling is built from individual shields. They fit close to each other. Between them is placed an elastic gasket, which is a waterproof insulation. For the manufacture of each sector, a template consisting of two load-bearing bars is used. A number of grooved or edged boards are stuffed on them. A vapor barrier is placed in the formed "trough", then a heat insulator. A waterproof protective film is sewn on top. The construction is completed by stuffing with a wood flooring.
Design advantages
The main advantage of this overlap is considered significant savings in lumber. At production of boards "illiquid" raw materials are applied. In particular, the material may be the boards remaining after the construction of the bathhouse itself. Sixty-centimeter elements will be sufficient for sheathing.
disadvantages
The minuses of the panel design include the large weight of the shields. Therefore, before you make a ceiling of this type in a bathhouse, you need to enlist someone's help. Some wizards install blank panels first. Then the remaining materials are laid in place. However, it should be said that even this method requires the coordinated work of several people.
Flooring
This design consists of thick boards laid tightly butt. The thickness of the elements is from 5 cm. The ends of the boards are based on the last crown of the structure. A vapor barrier film is laid on top of the floor. Heater is laid on it.
Design Advantages
The main advantage of the ceiling is ease of installation. For the construction of such a design will require quite a few materials. This, in turn, will save money.
Disadvantages of overlapping
The main disadvantage should be considered the width limit. This design is optimal for a span of 2.5 m. In addition, with such an overlap it will not be possible to build an attic. Another disadvantage of the design should be considered the insecurity of the insulation. During preventive repair of the floor or rafter system, the material will be damaged.
The need for thermal insulation
Speaking about how to properly make the ceiling of the bath, it is necessary to note the importance of insulation. The issue of arranging thermal insulation must be approached with all attention. This is due to the characteristics of the microclimate in the room. It should be remembered that the higher the temperature, the more difficult it will be to retain heat. The ideal option is to use several materials at once. Let's consider some of them.
Minvata
This material is made on the basis of basalt. Fibrous mineral wool is considered an ideal heat insulator. Its advantages include harmlessness, fire resistance, low thermal conductivity. However, mineral wool has its drawbacks. The main one is exposure to moisture. With increased humidity, mineral wool begins to lose its beneficial properties. To protect the material, steam and hydraulic layers are used. When laying mineral wool, remember that it must "breathe". To ensure ventilation between the insulation and waterproofing leave a gap.
Expanded clay
The material is granules, which are obtained by swelling fusible clay and subsequent heat treatment of the mass. Due to the cellular structure, the particles reliably retain heat. In this regard, expanded clay is often used in construction. Among other things, this material is inexpensive. For effective insulation, it is necessary to fill up a layer of 30 cm. Expanded clay should also be protected with hydro and vapor barrier.
Clay and sawdust
This is a fairly well-known and long-used method of solving the problem of insulation of the ceiling in the bath. On the attic side, floorboards are treated with a solution of sand and clay. After the coating has dried, leaves (oak is preferred), shavings and sawdust are poured onto the boards. The top layer is covered with a five-centimeter layer of earth (dry). I must say that this option is quite time-consuming. In addition, there will be a lot of dirt. But of all, this is the cheapest method.
How to make a ceiling in the bath?
The first stage includes the installation of supporting beams. Elements are attached along the smallest span of the construction box. The interval between the beams is 0.5-1 m. The width and height of the elements are selected depending on temporary and constant loads, as well as the distance between the bearing walls. In the upper corners of the log house grooves are made. Beams treated with an antiseptic are inserted into them. The depth of the mounting socket should be at least 10 cm. The edges of the supports that rest on the external walls must be burned and wrapped in two layers of roofing felt. After installing the beams, a chimney hole is formed. To do this, perpendicular jumpers are inserted in the selected area. They cut into beams at half the thickness. For reliability, jumpers are fixed with nails.
Vapor barrier
Before making a ceiling inside the bath, a vapor barrier should be attached to the beams. Fixing is carried out by brackets and a stapler. When laying the material, it is necessary to leave a lap on the walls. It will be 15-20 cm. Special membranes that are reinforced with foil and a special mesh can act as vapor barrier. The material is laid with an overlap of 15-20 cm. At the edges of the strip glued with tape.
Filing boards indoors
Elements are fixed with nails. Fastening is carried out to beams. The starting bar is fitted under the wall. As a rule, lining is used in the casing. It is laid with a mallet. The subsequent element is fixed with a spike into the mounting hole of the previous one.
Heat insulator
The insulation is laid directly on the vapor barrier film. It should be remembered that cotton materials should not be stored outdoors without a film, since they quickly absorb moisture. When laying the material (rolled or in the form of plates), the elements are fitted tightly to each other. There should not be gaps between them. When cutting, it is more expedient to make the elements a little wider than the "nests" and compress the material. This is much better than if he will "walk". In addition, so heat protection will become more effective.
Waterproofing
This material is laid similar to a vapor barrier film. Here it is just as necessary to sheathe with an overlap on the side walls. There should be a ventilation gap between the film and the fiber material. Thanks to even the smallest distance, the insulation will be ventilated. This will prevent its bobbing and, as a result, loss of performance.
Attic arrangement
For the construction of the floor, edged boards are used. Their installation is carried out according to the same technology as on the surface from the inside of the bath. Elements are pressed against each other tightly. At the same time, it is recommended to make a gap near the walls. It can be hidden later on the baseboard.
Finally
The technology described above is how to make a ceiling in a bathhouse. In general, the work is not accompanied by any difficulties. As for the type of construction, experts recommend equipping the hemming. Despite the fact that its cost is higher than others, such a ceiling will be reliable and durable.