Pavements made according to the standards of standard designs must comply with a wide range of requirements. The coating must be strong, durable and have optimal insulation of the upper layers. However, not in all areas it makes sense to equip multilayer canvases. More affordable and optimal in terms of performance is road filling with a special filler. Correctly selected fraction will allow to operate the formed base for a long time without the need for regular repairs.
Material for filling
The basis for the bulk material is usually the loose residues of old road surfaces - for example, particles of concrete, asphalt and even soil. The use of sand with gravel is also practiced, but such options are more expensive. In terms of performance, it is more advisable to use asphalt crumb. Such road filling with an addition in the form of binding bitumen after compaction provides a moisture-resistant and durable foundation. Reliability of the coating is determined by its high density, but on condition that a high-quality plasticizer was used and tamping with special equipment was performed.
The advantages of asphalt filler include resistance to climatic influences. Frost and rainfall are not terrible on such a basis. This, by the way, is the main difference from traditional road components. So, filling the road with gravel in practice can be washed away by rain. This also applies to sandy foundations, which without a proper bitumen bond serve only short periods. However, there are drawbacks to asphalt dumps. Under the influence of sunlight, the plasticizer can melt and, as a result, soften the canvas.
Road Filling Technology
It should be noted right away that the use of several materials in one dump is not allowed, except for special cases provided for by the project. Direct work is carried out from the edges of the base to the middle in layers. In this case, the entire width of the operated part should be covered, including sloping parts with soil. Secondary and additional filling is not allowed due to its inefficiency. All subsequent inclusions will be washed off during use. However, in some cases, road dumping provides for the possibility of expansion. After completion of the work steps, excess soil and filler are removed from the canvas. It is not necessary to take it out - if necessary, you can arrange refueling along the curbs and ramps.
Filling compaction
This part has a greater influence on the formation of the qualitative characteristics of the coating than the initial application of asphalt crumbs or gravel. Before compaction, each layer is leveled in accordance with the value of the longitudinal slope. Then you can start rolling the canvas with the help of special equipment across the entire width of the road. In some areas, under tight conditions , point compaction should be performed. To ensure that the roadway is solid across the entire horizontal, problem areas are manually rammed using vibration shock. At the same time, tamper plates cannot be used in areas where utilities are laid.
In the case of using loose fillers for the roadway, it is recommended to perform compaction with grating or cam rollers. This technique is used at the first stage, you can also use machines on pneumatic tires, for which incomplete ballast loading is 10-15 tons. At the final stage of compaction, road filling is rammed with pneumatic tires, whose mass reaches 25 tons.
Road restoration by filling
If the device of full-fledged canvases is usually done with asphalt crumbling, then in case of repair of typical road structures, it is still recommended to use crushed stone. With capital restoration measures, a complete change of layers is made. Dumping occupies only a separate part in such works when creating a preparatory layer. The road surface is sprinkled with crushed stone in several layers. The first is a large fraction layer, after which it is replaced by a fine-grained coating. This is just the case when the filling can go in combination with asphalt, acting as an auxiliary technological layer. If the area of the deformed section on the road does not exceed 25 m2, then instead of filling it is recommended to perform standard patching.
In what cases is bulk filling applied?
In the traditional embodiment, the filling is performed in areas that do not even experience average traffic loads. In particular, the practice of creating such paintings on driveways outside the city. Also, using this technology, a wide range of reconstruction works is carried out. In itself, filling is a necessary layer in standard designs, so in areas where there are no high requirements for the upper layer, the pavement is left in the form of compacted asphalt chips. As for the use of the material as a technological component, crushed stone, for example, can act as an effective drainage layer.
Conclusion
With the development of technology, the quality of pavements also increases. The use of modern technology, binders in solutions and effective laying principles allows the formation of durable road structures. But, high quality is achieved at the expense of the corresponding price, while in some cases laying full coverage does not justify itself. It is in such situations that it is advisable to use a roadbed formed by dumping. The main advantage of this technology is its availability, as well as low price. This is a secondary material, which, in essence, is recycled asphalt from old coatings - accordingly, it can be obtained with little or no investment. It remains only to carry out the filling and tamp the mass of the canvas in accordance with the requirements for a specific site.