Plaster is a building mixture, which includes various binders and fillers, such as cement, sand, gypsum, lime. Plastering is one of the easiest and most common ways to level walls. In addition, with its help you can give the surface a different texture and texture, protect it from moisture and temperature changes, prepare the walls for painting, etc.
Types of plasters
In order to be able to determine the amount of work performed and navigate the variety of mixtures that are used for decoration, it is necessary first of all to find out what types exist. There are an infinite number of options for finishing with plaster. Various materials allow you to create incredible interiors that are not inferior to other recognized methods of decoration. One has only to show imagination to the owner of the room and choose good finishers.
Types of plaster (see photo above) are classified, first of all, depending on the conditions for further use of the coating and the characteristics of the surface on which the material will be applied. Also, plaster can have a different purpose, composition and method of application. Plastering is a rather time-consuming process.
In general, there are several main types:
- ordinary, which is the basis, which in the future will need to be brought to readiness. On it you can glue wallpaper, paint, paste over with some other materials. Depending on the implementation, it is divided into high-quality, simple and improved plaster;
- decorative. Its purpose is the design of interior surfaces and building facades. There are several varieties of solutions that can make the surface textured, embossed, colored;
- special types of plasters are designed to protect the surface. They are divided into waterproof, heat-insulating, x-ray protective solutions.
Classification of conventional plaster
This type is used for finishing work not only indoors, but also for the facade. Such material is of the following types:
- simple plaster, consisting of two layers. It is used for plastering auxiliary non-residential premises that do not require any special decoration. These include the attic, basement, various kinds of temporary buildings, warehouses, etc .;
- improved plaster. Consists of three layers (spraying, soil and nakryvochny). It is used in the decoration of residential, industrial and public buildings, such as apartments, schools, hospitals;
- high quality plaster. Its application occurs in several layers. Used in the decoration of buildings with high work requirements. It is used in theaters, museums, hotels, etc.
Depending on the method of performing the work, the following types of wall plaster are distinguished:
- wet plaster is a universal way to finish various surfaces. Its advantages are as follows: it is quite undemanding to high humidity, adheres very firmly to the surface, and is easy to apply. Its main disadvantage is the complexity of the preparation of the solution, as well as the long period of its drying;
- Dry plaster is produced, as a rule, in the form of a variety of ready-made mixtures, which have their own characteristics and are designed for use in specific conditions.
There are many different plaster solutions. Some of them can be based on cement, others - lime or gypsum. In addition, various additives and impurities are used, due to which the plaster acquires specific properties, such as sound insulation, water resistance, etc.
Decorative plaster
This is practically the most popular wall and ceiling decoration material currently used by professional designers and architects. Decorative plaster is able to give the room a special, unique and inimitable style. With its help, you can create the effect of aging of the surface, artificial cracks, get a smooth glossy surface and much more. Applying decorative plaster is a rather complicated job and requires high skill.
Advantages of decorative plaster
These types of plasters have many advantages:
- they are not afraid of moisture, so they are often used to decorate the bathroom, shower, pool;
- do not absorb odors, which makes it possible to use in the kitchen;
- have good soundproof qualities. Thanks to this, decorative plaster can be used in noisy rooms;
- well keep heat that allows to save on heating in the winter;
- easy to clean.
The types of plaster application depend on the tool used:
- a brush creates a uniform pattern or homogeneous structure;
- apply a material with a trowel and create a decorative pattern;
- sponge can create smooth transitions and stains;
- brush and tampon perform drawing and structure.
Types of decorative plaster
The most basic and common types of plasters:
- Venetian. Its use makes it possible to create an imitation of wall decoration with valuable materials, for example, marble or malachite. If the work is done in accordance with all the rules, to distinguish a fake, as a rule, is very difficult. It is applied only with a special trowel made of stainless steel.
- Structural. Its feature is that it has a heterogeneous structure. Its composition includes special granules with different sizes, allowing to obtain the effect of "fur coat". If you use different sprays for work, you can make a wide variety of drawings. It is usually applied with a metal or plastic trowel.
- Textured. Its main difference is plasticity, which makes it possible to form decorative elements.
- Mineral Various minerals have been added to its composition: quartz, granite, marble, etc. It allows you to create spectacular natural textures.
Types of Venetian Plaster
Currently, there are a huge number of different types of Venetian plaster. This is perhaps one of the most beautiful wall coverings with which you can even turn a modest apartment into a luxury apartment. Venetian plaster can organically complement any interior. It can be matte, embossed, smooth, shiny, etc. Subdivision into types depends on the method of applying plaster. By modifying the application technique, you can achieve the most extraordinary effects.
Types of Venetian plaster:
- calcareous (natural). It includes lime and water. It is applied quite difficult, but at the same time it has a very beautiful texture and strong gloss;
- acrylic. This is a more durable material, it is applied easier than lime plaster;
- with fillers. It is made on the basis of lime, to which mineral fillers are added, such as calibrated marble chips, mica, etc.
The process of applying Venetian plaster is quite complicated, especially if you have never worked with it before.
Types of textured plaster
Decorative textured plaster allows you to form a rough layer on the surface of the walls. It is formed from a granular mixture, which is made on the basis of a binder and a filler (granite, quartz, marble chips, wood, mica, sand, etc.). In addition, various additional components are added to the mixture.
This material makes it possible to achieve the successful implementation of various design solutions. Using textured plaster, you can get a lot of original drawings. It can be tinted in any colors. A distinctive feature is increased strength, good heat and sound insulation, resistance to fire and variable humidity, durability and non-toxicity.
Textured plaster consists of a mixture of binders (both synthetic and mineral) and fillers (small pebbles, crumbs of minerals, fibers of cotton, wood, linen and other similar materials).
Types of textured plaster are classified depending on the base used and the bonding component.
- Mineral plaster is available as a dry cement mix. Its composition includes special additives that make the coating more elastic and embossed.
- Acrylic plaster has an acrylic resin as a binder . Release it already in finished form. This material is easy to apply on the substrate.
- Silicone plaster has a binder - a synthetic resin. Its hallmark is its high ductility, due to which the work is much easier. It is used in internal and front works.
- Silicate. A distinctive feature of the finish includes resistance to any impact, as well as versatility, since this material perfectly fits on almost all surfaces. As a binder, special liquid glass is added to it.
Stucco bark beetle. Types of mixtures
This decorative plaster is a mixture having a different look and color, into which small pebbles - granules are added. It is intended for decoration and decoration of rooms, internal walls and facades of buildings. Using the bark beetle, you can make a rather original surface, hide all defects and recreate different textures (“tree bark”, “waves”, “stones”). After its application, additional processing is not required. Due to the wide palette of colors and shades, you can easily choose the right option. The bark beetle is quite resistant to negative atmospheric influences, has good mechanical strength, and is not afraid of moisture. Its surface can be washed. Stucco bark beetle, the most diverse types of which are very beautiful and, most importantly, high-quality material. It is suitable for plastering both residential and public buildings.
There are such types of plaster on sale:
- dry mixes in bags (polymer-cement mixtures with mineral fillers and modifiers). They are applied with a white layer, and then they are already painted;
- ready mix in buckets (polymer plaster). Its coloring is carried out in special tinting machines, so the coating does not require further painting.
Types of facade plaster
Nowadays, more often than usual plastering, a heat-insulating system of building facades is used. A special insulation material is attached to the wall with clamps and glue, and a reinforcing mesh is attached to it.
For the facing layer, special facade plaster is used, which has a fairly simple application technology.
From the choice of its type depends on how the room will look, because this is the face of the house, so to speak. Making the right choice is very important. The following main types of facade plaster are distinguished:
- mineral;
- acrylic;
- silicate;
- silicone.
All types of external plaster due to their unique composition are able to provide reliable protection of the external walls of the room from the negative effects of the environment for a long period.
Types of plasters for interior decoration
Stucco for interior decoration is the final and integral process in construction. This is a solution that is applied to the wall and serves, as a rule, as the basis for other coating formation (wallpapering, staining, whitewashing). For this reason, it is very important to make the right choice of mixture for the final work.
The following types of internal plaster are distinguished:
- Cement. This type of decoration, the basis of which is cement, can be used to decorate the walls of absolutely any type of room. This composition tolerates temperature extremes, it is not afraid of strong humidity. Therefore, this material can be used in a bath or sauna, in unheated rooms. Application of the solution is quite easy, therefore, to cope with this work is not difficult on their own. In addition, the cost of such coverage is very low.
- Gypsum Plastering on this basis allows you to create a very even and thin layer, which can serve as a wonderful basis for painting. If desired, suitable tinting agents can be added to the gypsum composition. This composition dries very quickly. The main disadvantage is that it does not tolerate humidity.
- Silicone The mixture, the basis of which is silicone, has good resistance to moisture, it is not afraid of ultraviolet, fungus, parasites. In addition, it is a very durable composition.
- Decorative. Various compositions of these mixtures are used as wall decorations, give the surface a certain texture.
All types of plasters for interior wall decoration can have different purposes. They are used for leveling walls, smoothing roughnesses, depressions, chips. In addition, there are specialized mixtures that are designed to achieve different goals. They protect the walls of the room from water, prevent heat loss, increase sound insulation or decorate the walls.