Almost all gardeners on the estates grow berry shrubs. Dogwood is often found among them. This plant has sweet and sour fruits. In our latitudes, it is quite common and with excellent care gives a rich harvest. It is formed in the form of a tree or a bush, and many use it as a decorating plant for personal plots.
Short description
Dogwood cultivation in central Russia is very common, so you need to know that it belongs to the cornel family, and in nature there are about 50 of its varieties. Most of them look like a tree or shrub, and all the rest are represented by herbaceous perennials or lignified plants.
Dogwood always attracts attention. Healthy and strong bushes are beautiful, they have drooping shoots of brilliant meerkan shade, opposite juicy green alternate leaves, as well as downed heads of creamy white flowers. Its flowering occurs in May and lasts several weeks. The fruits of cultural specimens have a cylindrical and at the same time elongated shape, growing up to 3 cm in length. But there are also species in which there is a pear-shaped or barrel-shaped form, and some fruits can even be confused with cherries. Often the berries have a red color, but there are yellow, pink, purple and even coal fruits. Their taste is also diverse, ranging from sweet to tart notes. What the plant and its fruits look like can be seen in the photo.
Where does dogwood grow in Russia?
Very often amateur gardeners who want to start growing this crop are interested in where it lives in Russia and what conditions are necessary for its cultivation.
It must be said right away that cornel is a rather thermophilic plant that perfectly survives in conditions with a mild climate. However, the Ordinary variety is often found in southwestern Russia, especially in the middle lane.
It should also be noted that many breeders perfectly plant the plant in their gardens, and this culture can be found not only in the Moscow Region, but also in Stavropol, Siberia and even near St. Petersburg.
This variety, although it simply suffers severe frosts, which are characteristic of many parts of Russia (but no more than 35 degrees), and the plant can suffer damage only when these indicators are exceeded.
Seedling Selection
Dogwood in central Russia is growing very well, but when buying planting material, you need to pay attention to the following parameters:
- optimal age no more than 2 years;
- there should be no creases of branches and bark;
- lack of damage and disease;
- trees should be with branches;
- the trunk is better to choose thicker than 2 cm, and a height of at least 1.5 m;
- 3-5 seedlings should be present on the seedling.
Experienced gardeners recommend checking the bark for a cut of a living seedling, the best one is green. At the time of transportation, it is better to wrap the roots of the plant with a damp cloth, and then put in polyethylene. If they are much dried up, then you can send the plant into a bucket of water, where it can stay up to 2 days.
Landing
First of all, you need to know where the dogwood grows in Russia, and then engage in its landing.
In order for him to take root well, you must adhere to the following rules:
- Before proceeding to planting, the plant must be carefully inspected, cut broken branches and damaged roots. Next, prepare an earthenware mash and process trimmed areas with it. In autumn, you need to remove all the foliage.
- The recess for the seedling should be such that all the rhizome fits there, a pit of 30-50 cm is suitable.
- After the hole is prepared, a stake is driven into it, to which the plant is then attached.
- At the bottom you need to place 15 cm of expanded clay or pebbles. When the soil is sparse, it is enriched with a leaf substrate.
- It is also recommended to add potassium to the soil, for this you can use lime mixed with earth in a ratio of 150 grams per 1 mg.
- Before planting, it is important to ask where the dogwood grows in Russia, but you also need to know that the roots should be smoothly smoothed after the plant is placed in the pit, and the root neck is located under 2-3 cm of soil.
- When filling a hole, you need to make sure that voids do not form around the roots.
- The shrub must be mulched by 10-15 cm. A similar procedure is required so that the roots placed superficially do not dry out.
- After 7 days after planting, the soil near the dogwood must be thoroughly compacted, and also poured.
Growing Features
He does not require special care. Weeding, watering, top dressing, cultivating, timely pruning, as well as treatment for diseases and pests - that's all he needs. In the first year of life, loosening is required no deeper than 10 cm, then it is necessary to remove excess shoots and thickening shoots in a timely manner.
Initially, in the first years after planting, you need to make nitrogen, which will help the growth of leaves and branches. In the spring it is recommended to add manure, and in the fall humus.
When cultivating the soil, it is necessary to remember that the main mass of roots is at a depth of 25-30 cm, therefore loosening is carried out no deeper than 10-15 cm.
Dogwood in Russia is a very popular plant, so the planting of young cuttings is carried out constantly. In fruit-bearing specimens, only sanitary pruning is performed, in which broken, diseased small or thickening crown branches are removed. Sprouts are removed from the standard plants, shoots from the bushes that are not used to restore the crown.
Breeding
When growing dogwood from bone, planting material is taken from green fruits in the summer and immediately sent to the ground. Shoots appear only next spring. This method is suitable for patient gardeners, since the plant will begin to bear fruit only for 8-10 years after planting.
Another option for propagation is the planting of green cuttings. They are cut from the middle of an annual branch and kept for several hours in the Kornevin, then sent to a bed under a film or tunnel. By autumn, the bushes should take root, and in the spring they are determined in a permanent place.
Propagation by layering is the most uncomplicated way to obtain new plants. Where dogwood grows in Russia, it is already known, so you need to know that for such reproduction it is necessary to dig one-, two-year-old shoots in the summer, and then pin them to the ground and sprinkle with a layer of soil on top.
In autumn, on the branches you can see individual independent roots. In the spring, shoots are separated from the mother bush and planted for permanent residence.
Growing dogwood in the suburbs
For some reason, many people think that a plant in this area will not take root, but this is not true. Breeders have developed varieties that tolerate thirty degrees of frost, which is why shrubs develop well and bear fruit abundantly. Landing and caring for dogwood in this region are no different from landing in others. The only thing to note is that sometimes the ends of the plant freeze slightly, so in the spring they need to be trimmed. To avoid such surprises, a few dogwoods will need to be covered with burlap for several years.
Cultivation in different regions
Many gardeners are wondering if dogwood is growing in central Russia. Of course, yes, since at the moment there is a large variety variety and you can grow it in many areas. The following factors are recommended:
- For ripening, the fruits need quite a long time, therefore, for the northern regions, you should choose varieties with early ripening ("elena", "elegant", "Babylonian").
- The optimal time for planting dogwood in the southern regions is considered to be mid-October. In areas to the north, similar events need to be organized earlier.
- The subtropical climate does not require special shelter for the winter. An exception is seedlings under the age of 5 years. For them, it is better to mulch the roots, creating a peat or humus layer of 15 cm near the bush. In regions where a temperate climate predominates, winter can be quite warm or abnormally frosty. To avoid freezing, the bushes are covered with cardboard boxes of suitable size, stuffed with shavings, sawdust or straw. Adult plants bind a couple of branches and wrap the bush with several layers of covering material that passes air. For the northern regions, it is recommended to choose frost-resistant varieties ("firefly", "elena", "Alesha").
Rules for landing
- Planting a plant is recommended in a dark place between the trees. So perfectly saved garden area and solved the problem of using low-light areas.
- For good productivity, it is recommended to arrange several varieties of varieties, as they bloom at the same time.
- At the time of shrub planting, important components are quality land and water.
Suitable varieties
Dogwood "ordinary" is considered the most common species. In the form of a bush reaches 3-4 m in height, and a tree - 5-6 m. It has slightly pubescent and shiny leaves, red-orange shoots and yellow flowers. It is relatively resistant to drought, tolerates winters near Moscow.
Popular varieties of dogwood for central Russia are:
- "Pyramidalis";
- Nana
- "Variegate."
White dogwood is considered a fairly common culture. It reaches a height of 3 m. In autumn, the leaves become purple or red. The bush has small white flowers. In autumn, its fruits begin to ripen in a blue-white hue. The view has many decorating forms:
- "Elegantissima";
- “Siberian variegate”;
- "Siberian aurea."
There is an “amber” dogwood - the berries of this variety are distinguished by a soft yellow, almost transparent color. Ripening occurs in September, but they are very rapidly crumbling. Therefore, it is better to collect them a little in advance. There are shooting varieties, they are carried out in a separate genus. These include “Swedish” and “Canadian”. And the “subspecies” subspecies are especially distinguished - most often these are stoloniferous shrubs with a fiery color of the bark and shoots, it includes the dogwood “Meyer” and “Georgian”. Most often used as ornamental plants, as their fruits are often poisonous.
Use as a medicine
It is already known where dogwood grows in Russia, now you need to find out where this plant is used and for what purposes:
- With diabetes, it helps lower sugar levels.
- With periodontal disease, the mouth is rinsed with infusions.
- If you use berries together with seeds, you can defeat hemorrhoids and diarrhea.
- The roots of the plant will cure rheumatism.
- Gastrointestinal bleeding can be treated with a drink from this plant.
- Fruit jam, jelly, compote quickly help to cope with various viral and colds (tonsillitis, flu, acute respiratory viral infections, measles).
- When using decoctions and stewed fruit from dogwood, you can remove sand, which is located in the kidneys or bladder.
- From conjunctivitis can help drink juice.
- Eating raw berries helps improve immunity and cure anemia.
- The plant normalizes metabolic processes in the body.
Contraindications
Dogwood varieties are different for central Russia and there are many of them, so most gardeners so often grow it in personal plots. But, despite all the positive aspects, the use of fruits has its contraindications:
- Berries perfectly improve digestion, but contain acid, so they are not recommended for patients with high acidity and stomach ulcers.
- The tonic effect of berries is a contraindication for the use of the product to persons with increased irritability, as well as suffering from insomnia or who are in a state of emotional over-excitement.
- Another property that may be harmful is the fixing effect. If you do not control the use of dogwood, constipation often occurs.
Reviews
According to gardeners, in order to understand how to grow dogwood in central Russia, you need to know that autumn is considered the best time for this, as the seedlings will have time to take root, heal the root system and grow young suction roots in the spring. It should be noted that in the garden plots, digging and refueling pits is required six months before planting. In recent years, it has become known that cornel is hardy enough and grows well in central Russia; it has adapted in the Moscow Region and Moscow. And it is also proved that the plant will survive in severe frosts - at -30, therefore it is found even in garden areas of St. Petersburg.