Among building materials, wood occupies a special place. Previously, not only separate buildings were erected from it, but entire cities. In the modern construction industry, wooden structures are widely used. SNiP || -25-80 is the main document, design guidelines, as well as methods of protecting the specified material and building elements made from it.
Wood is characterized by high technological effectiveness, low specific gravity and ease of processing. In the manufacture of such building structures as window frames, interior doors with slats, rafter systems, softwood is mainly used. This species is the most common and quite resistant to external influences. For responsible and loaded structures, valuable hardwood can be used.
Features of the design of building elements from wood
Designs must have the necessary mechanical strength and stability. Ensuring the required characteristics is the goal of design and calculation activities. Particular attention is paid to their wooden structures. SNiP defines the basic requirements for such calculations. The bearing capacity of the elements and the ultimate deformation must satisfy the established parameters.
Ensuring long-term operation of buildings, taking into account the influence of external factors, constant and variable loads - these are the main requirements of SNiP. Wooden roof structures and floors in low-rise buildings are used most widely. The main reason is the low price and ease of manufacture. In widespread practice, mainly standard schemes and recommendations of specialists are used.
Development of protective measures for wood structures
The maximum realization of all the advantages of this building material is possible only if it is resistant to the external environment. High flammability, susceptibility to the damaging effects of moisture and biological pests - these wooden structures have these shortcomings. SNiP provides a set of measures to prevent them and minimize harmful consequences.
Methods for protecting wood from fire, high humidity or pests have been developed and are being improved. So, the treatment of rafters, logs and beams with special chemical compounds - flame retardants can reduce the risk of fire. Antiseptics reliably repel insect pests and inhibit the development of mold and fungi.
Additional requirements for lumber
The stability and strength of wooden building structures is achieved through the use of materials with appropriate parameters. The allowance for SNiP wooden structures in addition to GOST 8486-66 and 9463-72 imposes some additional requirements. This applies to the width of the annual layers, the use of the central part of the trunk - the core and humidity of the array.
In the construction industry, new materials and elements that are made of them are being used. In recent years, profiled wooden structures have become increasingly popular. SNiP defines the basic requirements for them and the rules for their use.