A working day is the time that an employee of an organization performs his immediate labor functions. In addition, the time also applies to the worker, at which the employee does not perform official duties, but payable on the basis of labor law (simple work due to the fault of the employer, etc.).
Normal and reduced working hours
The normal working day is eight hours a day, forty - a week. This value is the maximum throughout the Russian Federation. For certain categories of employees, the value of the normal working week is reduced:
- up to 24 hours - for adolescents up to sixteen years of age;
- up to 35 hours - for disabled people of the first and second groups;
- up to 36 hours - for teaching staff, employees of hazardous and / or hazardous industries.
The working day can be reduced for certain categories of employees, for example, for doctors, as well as for those whose work involves chemical weapons, materials containing HIV, etc. The law also establishes the need to reduce the working time by one hour in pre-holiday day.
Reducing hours of work for these categories of citizens is the norm, and therefore mandatory for all enterprises. Payment is carried out without recalculation.
Incomplete working hours
Sometimes a decrease in the number of hours worked is possible on the initiative of both the employee and the employer. Part-time transfer is allowed at the request of:
- a pregnant woman;
- an employee raising a child under fourteen years of age or a disabled child;
- workers caring for a sick family member.
Two options are possible: shortening the working day while maintaining the duration of the working week or reducing the working week while maintaining the hours of daily work (when some day of the week is declared an additional day off).
Part-time work for women raising children under the age of three is possible with maternity leave and related allowance.
In addition, there is the possibility of establishing part-time at the request of the employer, for example, when the conditions and organization of labor change significantly at the enterprise. However, it should be remembered that the period for which an incomplete working day is introduced in this case cannot exceed six months. Employees should be familiarized with the introduction of a new regime in advance (two months) under signature.
Since this mode is not the norm, remuneration will be based on hours worked or work performed. If the part-time was introduced at the initiative of the employer, and the employee does not want to switch to the new regime (since he does not want to lose in earnings), he must be fired to reduce staffing with all the benefits and benefits that are expected in this case.
An incomplete length of working time retains for the employee all rights to receive his leave (on general grounds), sick leave, accrual of insurance experience.
The working hours at the enterprise
The duration of the working week, as well as the circle of employees working on a shortened or incomplete week, consolidates the so-called regime and accounting of working hours at the enterprise. It means the distribution of labor time, prescribed in local acts. It also includes:
- daily duration of professional functions;
- a clear indication of hours of work and lunch break;
- circle of employees with irregular day.
The formation of the working hours at enterprises is carried out by the labor department or, in its absence, personnel services.