Dismantling in relation to reinforced concrete is a fairly common event in the construction industry, which is characterized by technological complexity and a high degree of responsibility on the part of performers. This is due to the functions of solid-state materials, since the load from ceilings and other elements of the structure is transferred to them. But from a technical point of view, the dismantling of reinforced concrete structures is not so easy to implement without professional support.
General technology of work
Conventionally, the entire process of dismantling measures can be divided into three stages: preparation, direct destruction / disassembly and cleaning with the removal of the remaining defects.
At the first stage, the technological scheme and the overall work plan are drawn up, dismantling tactics, a list of equipment and auxiliary technical means that will be involved are selected. At the same stage, such parameters as time, cost and labor input of the project are determined. When the plan is drawn up, they proceed to the preparation of the site - it must be cleared before the start of technical operations.
At the main stage, the technology for dismantling reinforced concrete structures involves the direct destruction of the planned structures or its individual elements. This can be walls, columns, ceilings, reinforcing belts, etc. You can perform this work in various ways from disassembling with a hand tool to demolition and direct destruction by special equipment.
At the final stage, work is carried out related to the cleaning of the remaining communications, reinforcing rods, masonry blocks, etc. The selection of materials suitable for reuse is carried out and the collection of construction waste in special bags for disposal.
Semi-mechanized dismantling methods
The widest and most popular group of methods for the destruction of reinforced concrete structures, involving the use of electric and pneumatic tools. By such means, it is possible to dismantle brick and monolithic concrete structures, vaulted ceilings and partitions. At the same time, shock and unstressed fracture techniques are distinguished. For example, shock methods for dismantling reinforced concrete structures use the power of hydraulic and jackhammers up to 60-70 J. Impactless methods include cutting, drilling and disassembling. Among the most common tools of this type are hydraulic scissors, welding machines, machines on the bed, carrying out diamond cutting.
Shock-free dismantling methods are in many cases more preferable, since they leave less dirt, dust and the noise level when using them is much lower. It also provides higher accuracy and minimizes accidental unwanted effects on adjacent structures that are not planned to be destroyed.
Thermal and ultrasonic dismantling of reinforced concrete structures
Modern methods of destruction of solid-state building structures, which also use manual and semi-mechanized tools. For thermal effects, plasma and gas devices of high power are used. They provide direct heating of the material, resulting in the formation of cracks, melts and evaporation zones. Ultrasonic dismantling of reinforced concrete structures provokes erosion, cavitation, compression and tension. Before using this method, a small hole is created in the target material, through which a powerful ultrasonic wave is subsequently purposefully distributed. This operation is performed by a special ultrasound generator, creating destructive microvibrations from the inside of the structure.
Mechanized dismantling method
If the semi-mechanical means of dismantling are mainly oriented towards the partial destruction of structures within a building or structure, mechanized equipment is involved in the complete elimination of construction objects. In such operations, cylindrical and wedge splitters, hammers, concrete and rock breakers are used. This is an attachment that is used in combination with movable equipment - automotive or tracked. However, there is the practice of using stationary transport units. The most large-scale capital dismantling of monolithic reinforced concrete structures is carried out by the capacities of tractors, jib cranes, bulldozers and excavators. The nature of the impact in each case will be shock. The exceptions are situations where a powerful force is required on a small site.
What is the cost of dismantling?
The rates for dismantling do not even depend on the characteristics of the structure itself, but on the type of tool or equipment used. This is due to the fact that the characteristics of the material do not always influence the choice of equipment, since the conditions for such events can also limit the choice of the destruction method. The average cost of dismantling 1 m2 of reinforced concrete structure is 5-7 thousand rubles. In this case, a semi-mechanized arsenal will be used, which will eliminate walls, roofing and floor coverings, partitions, etc. Comprehensive destruction of buildings and engineering facilities can cost 10-15 thousand rubles. per 1 m3 In this case, as already mentioned, mechanized equipment with professional attachments suitable for the specific case format will be involved.
Conclusion
Destructive processes in relation to strong structures should be carefully planned and thought out in terms of safety and indirect effects on third-party objects. This is especially true for the point dismantling of reinforced concrete structures, when a combination of intensive impact moment and a small area of its application is required. In complex work, the general map of consecutive technological operations is also calculated. After all, each design is associated with other functional parts of the structure and the destruction of one of them will inevitably affect the condition of others.