In every family where a child grows up, sooner or later the question arises of a pre-school and school institution. Especially if suitable nannies are not found among relatives, and parents need to go to work, the question of the need for a nursery school is very acute for them.
Nursery - the first cradle
In childhood, almost every baby has three phases of the age-appropriate educational institution in which he will be: a nursery, a garden, and a school.
From one and a half years to three years of age, children are given to the care of tutors and nannies in a day nursery. In Soviet times, very young children were taken there. The book on the care of a baby dated to the sixties says that it is necessary to place a baby in a nursery at the age of 2 months. In those days, work was of great importance, therefore, they urged all categories of the population to work for the good of the Motherland. Young mothers had no time and no reason to sit on maternity leave. For their convenience, a nursery was created, where cold-blooded nannies looked after the child from a very young age. More precisely, months.
What is a manger, where did this name come from? They say that the origin of the word has its roots in the birth of Christ. Pregnant Mary during childbirth did not find anywhere else but a barn in which livestock was located. Feeling the approach of his wife’s efforts, Joseph made sure that there was where to put the newborn baby. There were no suitable pieces of furniture nearby, except for the "nursery" - the trough from which the pigs fed. Nurseries and played the role of an infant cradle. Instead of a soft mattress, the bottom was covered with hay. Born baby Jesus was carefully wrapped in swaddling clothes and laid in a cozy bed, created in a simple coarse manger. Later, when small children were taken to cozy houses, where they were taken care of throughout the day, such houses were nicknamed the "nursery".
Shelter for children
What is the "nursery" and when they opened the doors to the kids, you can learn from historical information. Institutions of the educational type appeared in Russia during the time of Peter the Great. The first kindergarten (nursery) looked different than in modern days. Caring for young children was an important state affair. Within the walls of the monasteries, orphanages were created. In those days they were nicknamed "almshouses" and "orphanages." A little later, Ivan Ivanovich Betsky presented Catherine the Second draft on the foundation of the Moscow educational institution, which the Tsarina immediately approved.
First day nursery
By the end of the 19th century, many women went to work, and the need for kindergartens and nurseries increased significantly. Each poor family had the opportunity to leave their child for the whole day. Most kindergartens were attended by preschool children. In very rare cases, very young children were left in the care of the nannies. Kids spent most of their time in a dream so as not to cause unnecessary trouble to their "carers". For these purposes, infants were given a certain proportion of sleeping pills every day. At night, the children were awake, which disturbed the peace of their mothers who were tired after working days.
Until the beginning of the 20th century, no classes were held in kindergartens. They fed the children, put them to bed, sometimes entertained with instructive stories, but on the whole they were left to their own devices, spent time in free games.
The working day in kindergartens began at 6 a.m. and lasted until late in the evening, mainly until 8 a.m. Since 1917, in kindergartens and kindergartens have made some changes. We studied the Law of God with older children and began to teach singing and applied art. They began to draw, consider pictures and conduct informative conversations with children.
The brainchild of Frebel
Historians claim that the first kindergarten was created by German teacher Friedrich Frebel. Then no one knew what a day nursery was. Frobel with great respect and love for children, considering them divine creatures, the flowers of life, believed that every educator must treat them sensitively and carefully. At the age of 60, he was able to make his dream of opening the first educational institution a reality. Frobel created the methodology of preparatory classes for children in a playful way, developed a methodology for the functioning of kindergartens. Friedrich worried about the children of poor families and took care of kindergarten visits by children of various walks of life. In the kindergarten there was three meals a day, developing games and training classes.
Gradually, the news of kindergartens reached all corners of the globe. Soon in all countries, including Russia, they learned what a manger is.