A cyclone for cleaning air from dust is equipment that is used in some models of vacuum cleaners and industry to clean liquids and gases from suspended particles. The principle of operation that the cyclone uses is inertial, while centrifugal and gravitational forces are used. Such dust collectors constitute the most massive group among the rest of the dust collectors and are used today in all areas of industry. The collected dust is usually processed further.
Cyclone Purpose
The cyclone for cleaning air from dust can be used in transport. These include trucks of the KamAZ and MAZ type. Using this equipment, it is possible to carry out preliminary effective air purification, which at the next stage enters the internal combustion engine. After there is a complete cleaning, which is carried out in an inertia-oil air filter. It can also be dry.
Equipment is also used in elevator conditions where grain products are involved in a set of operations involving transportation, transshipment, storage and processing. At every stage of the process, huge masses of mineral and organic dust particles are released into the air. They pollute small fractions, which are explosive and fire hazard.
Main tasks
One of the main key tasks of grain processing enterprises is the prevention of dust emission and a decrease in the concentration of grain dust. To solve such problems, grain processing enterprises use dust-free ventilation systems, which include suction and ventilation equipment.
The cyclone for dust air purification in this case is used for industrial air purification in the processing of grain materials and grain. Such equipment is characterized by ease of maintenance and simplicity of design. It is inexpensive, characterized by high performance and low resistance. That is why such installations are today one of the most common among other types of equipment for mechanical dust removal.
Principle of operation
The cyclone for cleaning air from dust works according to a rather simple principle. It consists in the fact that flows of contaminated gas enter the apparatus through a pipe in the upper part. In the equipment, a gas flow is formed, which constantly rotates. It is directed downward and rushes to the conical part of the equipment.
Inertia, which is a centrifugal force, removes particles settling on the walls of the device from the stream. They are captured by the secondary stream and carried away to the lower part. Contaminants enter the outlet in the hopper where dust is collected. The gas stream is cleaned from contamination, it moves from bottom to top and is discharged out through the exhaust pipe.
What else you need to know about the principle of operation
The cyclone for cleaning air from dust, the purpose of which was described above, provides centrifugal acceleration, which is several thousand times higher than the acceleration of gravity. This causes even the smallest dust particles to remain on the walls and not get carried away by gas. The collected dust moves in a spiral, and clean air changes direction, entering the cyclone zone. The degree of air purification in this case reaches 90%. The final value will depend on the size of the equipment, the speed of the air flow and the properties of the dust particles.
If the diameter of the cyclone is smaller, then the efficiency of trash collection will increase, the flow rate will increase. If we consider a cyclone together with elevator equipment, then dust collectors can increase the reliability of the complex, reducing the risk of fire hazard. These devices reduce the likelihood of occupational diseases for people working in storage facilities. Therefore, at any elevator, the installation of a cyclone acts as one of the necessary links in the technological chain.
Description of the cyclone brand JET CDC-2200 10001056T
Mentioned cyclone for cleaning air from dust, the characteristics of which will be presented below, has a cost of 132,000 rubles. This equipment is an exhaust system, which has found application in small production facilities and private workshops. The unit can be used in conjunction with woodworking machines and to collect garbage from the floor when working with small wood production equipment.
Additional advantage
The design has a garbage container, which is made of metal, it is almost not subject to mechanical damage. The technology used by the cyclone guarantees fast and high-quality air purification and allows you to sort garbage into fractions. Small particles enter special containers, while the chips are sent to a metal bin.
Technical characteristics of the model and some of its positive features
The aforementioned cyclone model consumes air in a volume of 36 m 3 / min. One dust bag is supplied. The diameter of the nozzle of the vacuum cleaner is 100 mm. The dimensions of the equipment are 1200x700x1800 mm. The power of the device is equivalent to 2600 watts. The unit has two suction openings.
Dust bags are designed for 105 liters of volume. Such cyclones for air purification of wood dust weigh quite a lot. For example, the mass of the described model is 88 kg. Before purchasing such a device, it is important to pay attention to some features, among them:
- long service life;
- convenient transportation;
- emergency turn-off;
- thoughtful design;
- mobility.
As for the long service life, it is provided with many stiffeners, which contribute to the effective cooling of the motor during operation. This increases the service life and eliminates overheating. The unit is equipped with transportation loops that allow you to move the equipment using a lifting mechanism.
The main varieties of cyclones
A cyclone for cleaning air from dust, the types of which will be presented below, is equipment similar to hydrocyclones. These designs have only a few differences, expressed in the form of a case. Classification of cyclones can be direct-flow and counter-current. In the first case, the gas is discharged along one axis; such a system is not as effective as the countercurrent one.
Cyclones are also subdivided according to the shape of the body, they can be:
- conical;
- cylinder-conical;
- cylindrical.
The cyclone for cleaning air from dust, the manufacture of which can be carried out independently, is also divided into elements. This allows you to highlight the helical, tangential and spiral design of the cyclones. Cylinders are also subdivided in the direction of rotation: they can be right or left.
Cyclone Calculation
Calculation of a cyclone for cleaning air from dust can be carried out based on the determination of centrifugal force. The formula C = (m Β· ΟΒ²) / r should be used, where the mass is denoted by the letter m, the rotation speed of the body is Ο, while the radius of rotation is denoted by the letter r. The ratio of the acceleration of centrifugal force to the acceleration of gravity corresponds to the ratio of the centrifugal force to the force of the body weight. This parameter is the main one, it characterizes centrifugal apparatuses.
DIY cyclone making
You can make a cyclone for cleaning air from dust with your own hands. This will allow us to establish furniture manufacturing in our own workshop. In this case, workers will not be exposed to the dangerous effects of the finest wood dust that they would have to inhale. At the first stage, a centrifugal fan in the form of a snail is made. The housing can be made of alucobond, and the housing covers are made of 20 mm plywood.
Using a hand milling cutter, grooves are made in the covers, the diameter of which will be 3 mm. The body of the cochlea is installed in the groove, the whole structure is pulled together by bolts. At the next stage, a fan for the cochlea is made of alucobond, for this two circles are cut with the help of a milling cutter, grooves are made in them into which the blades are installed. Their gluing is carried out by an adhesive thermogun. This will allow you to get a drum that looks like a squirrel wheel.
A cyclone for cleaning air from dust, the production of which can be carried out independently, will have a fairly strong and lightweight impeller with precise geometry. She put on the axis of the engine. Suitable one, whose power is 0.55 kW. To make the case, you will need 20 mm plywood, on the surface of which using the compass it is necessary to depict the circumference of the base. The upper case in the form of a cylinder is bent from a roofing sheet. At the base, fastening is carried out with screws, the joints are glued with double-sided tape. The sheet is pulled together with rivets. The lower conical part is made according to the same principle.
Methodology
The production of the cyclone in the next step involves the installation of polypropylene pipes in the cylinder . They should be glued with hot glue. On the inside of the cylinder, the suction pipe must be rectangular. It is heated with a hairdryer for this, and then a wooden mandrel is inserted into it, then it is cooled. The housing for the air filter bends in the same way. The filter can be borrowed from KamAZ, because it has an impressive filter curtain area.
Now you can connect the lower case and the upper cylinder by screwing the snail on top. The air filter is fixed using polypropylene bends. The whole structure is assembled, and a plastic barrel is installed for sawdust. A transparent corrugated pipe must be used to connect to the lower cone, this will allow the wizard to see the filling level. The unit at the last stage must be tested by connecting it, for example, to the planer. After all, this equipment produces the most chips.