Alexander Green. Biography and work of a famous writer

Alexander Green, a biography whose photos are presented in this article, is an outstanding Russian writer. About 400 of his works were printed. He created a fictional country. It is in it that the action of many of his works takes place, not the exception of the two most famous books of the writer - “Scarlet Sails” and “Running along the Waves”. Thanks to the famous critic K. Zelinsky, this country was called Greenland.

Childhood

Green Alexander Stepanovich, whose biography will be described in this article, was born in the Vyatka province. The real name of the writer is Grinevsky. His father Stefan was a Polish gentry. In 1863, he took part in the uprising, for which he was exiled to Tomsk. In 1868 he was allowed to move to the Vyatka province. Soon he married a Russian girl, Anna Lepkova, who was a nurse. They had four children. The first child in the family was Alexander Green. Photos of the writer's mother and father are presented in this article.

Alexander Greene's birthday is August 11 (new style) on August 23, 1880. At age 6, the boy learned to read. The first book he read was Gulliver's Travels. The future writer loved works about travel and sailors. He tried to escape from home several times to become a sailor.

When Alexander was 9 years old, he was sent to school. Classmates came up with the nickname Green, which he subsequently used as a pseudonym. The future writer at the school was distinguished by the worst behavior and was constantly threatened with expulsion. As a student of grade 2, Alexander composed offensive verses to teachers. For this, he was expelled from the ranks of students. In 1892, the boy was accepted to another school thanks to the efforts of his father.

When A. Green was 15 years old, his mother died of tuberculosis. 4 months after her death, her father married. Alexander did not get along with his stepmother and began to live separately. He made money by copying documents and binding books. His main hobby was reading. At this time, he began to compose poetry.

Youth

At 16, Alexander Green graduated from a four-year school and went to Odessa. He was determined to become a sailor. The father gave his son some money, as well as the address of a friend. When Alexander arrived in Odessa, his funds quickly ran out, and he could not find work. He starved and wandered. The young man was forced to seek help from a friend of his father. He put him on a ship. But the sailor from A. Green did not work. The sailor's routine work very quickly tired of him. After that, he traveled around the country and tried himself in different professions. But nowhere did not linger for a long time. In 1902, he became a soldier. He served six months, 3 months of which he spent in a punishment cell. A. Green deserted from the army. The Socialist Revolutionaries, with whom he had made friends, helped him hide. Alexander was carried away by revolutionary ideas. He sincerely devoted himself to the struggle against the existing system.

In 1903, A. Green was arrested for his revolutionary activities. After he tried to escape, he was transferred to a maximum security prison. The investigation dragged on for a long time, in the end he was sentenced to exile in Siberia. There he spent only 3 days and fled. His father helped him get someone else's passport and leave for the capital.

Mature years

Alexander Green, whose photo is presented in this article, after some time left the ranks of the Socialist Revolutionaries. Soon he married Vera Abramova. Her father was a major official, but she herself supported the revolutionaries. In 1910, Alexander became a famous writer. Then the police discovered that Green and Grinevsky are one and the same person. The writer was arrested, and he was exiled to the Arkhangelsk region.

After the revolution took place, the Soviet system in the writer caused an even greater negative than the monarchist. The only thing that pleased A. Green in the new system was permission to divorce. He immediately took advantage of this. The writer divorced Vera and married Maria Dolidze. But a few months later the couple broke up.

In 1919, Alexander was drafted into the Red Army, where he served as a signalman. Soon, the writer became seriously ill. He had typhoid. Alexander Green's life was in jeopardy. For almost a month he was under treatment. He was visited by M. Gorky, he brought the patient coffee, honey and bread. He helped A. Green to get a room in the House of Arts, in the center of St. Petersburg, and an academic rations. Next to Alexander lived O. Mandelstam, N. S. Gumilyov, V. Kaverin, V. A. Rozhdestvensky. The writer was a sociable person, reserved, inhospitable and gloomy.

In 1921, the writer married Nina Mironova. A. Green lived with her until the end of his days. The couple was always together and both believed that fate gave them a great gift when they allowed to meet. The writer dedicated his “Scarlet Sails" to Nina. In 1930, the couple moved to Old Crimea. It was a difficult time, since A. Green’s books were banned, the writer and his wife often went hungry and sick.

In July 1932, the writer died. He had stomach cancer. He was buried in the cemetery of the Old Crimea. On his grave there is a monument “Running on the Waves” (sculptor T. Gagarina).

Creative way

In 1906, Alexander Green wrote his first story. Creativity captured him, and this year was a turning point in his life. A. Green became a writer. His first story is called the Merit of Private Panteleev. It talked about the atrocities that are happening in the army. As a result, the work was removed from the printing house and destroyed. The next story by A. Green, “Elephant and Pug”, suffered the same fate. The first work that reached the reader was "To Italy." In 1907, the writer began to use the pseudonym Green. From 1908, collections of his stories began to be published. Alexander Green published stories of 25 pieces a year. The writer began to earn big money. Alexander Stepanovich wrote several stories while in exile. Initially, Alexander Green published his works only in magazines and newspapers. Books with his short stories, novels and short stories began to be published a little later. For the first time his works were published as a three-volume in 1913. A year later, a new period began in the writer's work. The style in which Alexander Green wrote was more professional. His books became deeper, the subject expanded. And the writer began to work more productively.

In the 1920s, A. Green continued to write short stories, but simultaneously undertook to write larger works. The very first novel written by Alexander Stepanovich is “The Shining World”. Then there were “Scarlet Sails”, “Golden Chain”, “Running along the Waves”, “Earth and Factory”, “Road to Nowhere”, “Jesse and Morgiana”. Green didn’t have time to finish his last novel, under the name "Impatiens".

After the death of a writer

When Alexander Green passed away, then, thanks to the efforts of leading Soviet writers, a collection of his works was published. His widow continued to live in Old Crimea, was first in occupation, and then she was driven to Germany for labor. After the war, she returned to the USSR, where she was accused of treason. A. Green's wife spent almost 10 years in the Stalinist camps. After the war, A. Green’s books were recognized as foreign to the proletariat and banned. Only after the death of I.V. Stalin was the writer rehabilitated, and his books began to be published again. While the wife of A. Green was serving her term, the house in Old Crimea passed into the ownership of other people. With great difficulty, she ensured that he was returned to her. In 1960, Nina opened the Alexander Green Museum in it and dedicated the last years of her life to him.

List of Written Works

Alexander Green wrote a lot of works. Among them are novels, short stories, novels, stories. Although the writer is considered a prose writer, he composed many poems.

Alexander Green novels and novels wrote the following:

• "Running on the waves".
• "Touchless."
• "Scarlet Sails".
• "Elephant and Pug."
• "Crimson sails."
• "The shining world."
• "Jesse and Morgiana."
• "Gold chain".

Alexander Green wrote stories and stories. It:

• "A toy".
• "Passage yard."
• "Murder in the fish shop."
• "Zurbagan shooter."
• "The blind trail."
• "The tribe of Siurg."
• "The contest in Liss."
• "Fighter".
• "To Italy."
• "On the hillside."
• "Seeker of adventures".
• "The penitent manuscript."
• "History of Tauren."
• "Hons's estate."
• The Adventures of the Ginch.
• "The mystery of the forest."
• "Firewater".
• "Fandango".
• "Elda and Angotea."
• "On the cloudy shore."
• The Legend of Ferguson.
• "New Year's holiday of father and little daughter."
• "The telegraph operator from Medyansky Bor."
• "The Kam-Boo Bird."
• "Sweet poison of the city."
• "Biographies of great people."
• "Moonlight".
• "Winter's Tale."
• "Boarded up house."
• “Ships in Liss.”
• "Duel of leaders."
• "The Sorcerer's Apprentice".
• "Brick and music."
• Renault Island.
• "Passenger Pyzhikov."
• "Dead for the living."
• "Fourth for all."
• "Gold and the miners."
• The Kunst Fish Murder.
• Blind Day Canet.
• "Barca on the Green Channel."
• "The commandant of the port."
• "Devil of the Orange Waters."
• "The green lamp."
• "Headless horseman".
• "Raspberry Jacobson."
• "Gladiators."
• "The Death of Rominka."
• "Gatt, Witt and Redott."
• "Wild Mill."
• Oranges
• "The weakness of Daniel Horton."
• "Granka and his son."
• "Earth and water."
• "Hold and deck."
• "The Man Who Cries."
• "A brilliant player."
• "The Batalist Shuang."
• "Around the world".
• "The poisoned island."
• The Traveler Ou Few Eoy.
• "Naive Tussaletto."
• "Three adventures of Echma."
• Returned Hell.
• "Cyclone in the Plains of Rains."
• "Funny companion - Pied Piper."
• "Two promises."
• "The Tragedy of the Xuan Plateau."
• "Captain Duke."
• "The seller of happiness."
• "Story Birk."
• "Quiet weekdays."
• The Blue Telluri Cascade.
• "Magical outrage."
• "Black Diamond".
• The Marriage of Augustus Esbourne.
• "The power of the incomprehensible."
• "Pierre and Surine."
• "Branch mistletoe."
• "Window in the forest."
• "Third floor".
• "Crime of the fallen leaf."
• "The missing sun."
• "Paradise".
• The Lion's Blow.
• "The riddle of foreseeable death."
• "The Legacy of Pick-Mick."
• "Order for the army."
• "Velvet curtain."
• "Meetings and adventures."
• "The story of one murder."
• "Another's fault."
• "Heavy air."
• "Way".
• "A pool of a bearded pig."
• Club Arap.
• "A hundred miles on the river."
• "Fate taken by the horns."
• "Winner".
• "White ball".
• "Storm Strait."
• "Swan".
• "The incident in the apartment of Ms. Seriz."
• "Night and day."
• "Creation of Asper."
• "Underground".
• "Father's anger."
• "Hunting a bully."
• The Golden Pond.
• "River".
• "Nanny Glenau."
• "Horse head."
• Fourteen Feet.
• The Colony of Lanfier.
• "Eroshka."
• "Ksenia Turpanova."
• "The Return of The Seagull."
• "Forward and backward."
• "Mat in three moves."
• "The fight against death."
• "Punishment".
• "Arm".
• "Nightmare".
• "Taboo".
• "Renee."
• "White fire".
• "Forest Drama."
• Mysterious Record.
• "The incident in the street of the Dog."
• "The system of mnemonics of Atleus."
• "Tramp and the head of the prison."
• "Green about Pushkin."
• "Gray car."
• "Pillory".
• "The story ended thanks to the pool."
• "Long way".
• "Forest Drama."
• The navigator of the Four Winds.
• "Footless."
• "The episode of the capture of Fort Cyclops."
• "Fire and Water".
• "Voice and eye."
• "The Life of Gnor."
• "The voice of a siren."
• "Bet".
• "Watercolor" and others.

Not only prose was written by Alexander Green, poetry also often came out from under his pen. But the main thing in his work was and remains, of course, prose.

"Scarlet Sails"

In 1923, Alexander Stepanovich Green wrote “Scarlet Sails”. This is a romantic story about the girl Assol. Her father is a former sailor Longren. He made money by manufacturing and selling ship models. Once, during a storm, the innkeeper Menners was carried away by boat to the sea. Longren was there, but did not even attempt to save him. When the former sailor saw that Menners had been taken far and that he no longer had a chance to save, he shouted to him that this was exactly the way his wife asked the innkeeper to help her, but he did not. Soon, fellow countrymen learned that Longren calmly watched a man die, and did not even try to help. They began to hate him. Longren explained his act by blaming Menners for the death of his wife. When Assol was born, he was swimming. The birth was difficult, and Mary (Longren's wife) had to spend all the money on treatment. And then the woman turned to the innkeeper for help. She asked him for a loan. And he said that he would help if she was not touchy. Mary was a faithful wife and a decent woman, she could not do such a thing. The wife of the former sailor had to go to the city to lay the ring. There was a terrible weather, Mary caught a cold, fell ill, and soon died. Longren was left alone with a small daughter in his arms. He had to give up work at sea. But, despite his story about the innkeeper’s fault in the death of his wife, the locals began to treat him very badly. The hostile attitude towards Longren extended to Assol, although she was an innocent child. Nobody wanted to be friends with the girl. Her father replaced her mother and girlfriends.

Once Assol went to the city to sell toys made by her father for sale. She especially liked one of them. It was a ship with red silk sails. The girl played with him. Aigle approached Assol and said that when she grows up, a prince will sail for her on a ship with red sails. When she talked about what the storyteller told her to her father, they overheard their conversation, and everyone found out that Assol was waiting for the prince. They began to laugh at her and consider her crazy.

Another character in the story is Arthur Gray. He was a representative of a noble family. The young man was decent, fearless, decisive, responsive and always helped everyone. The young man dreamed of the sea and adventures. One fine day, he ran away from home and entered the schooner as a sailor. The captain praised the love of the sea, as well as the stubbornness and mind of a young sailor. He began to teach him. At age 20, Arthur became a captain and acquired his own galion. One day, fate brought his ship to Caperna, where Assol lived. Gray saw her and realized that she was not like everyone else, but, like himself, was a little out of this world. In the tavern, he found out that a girl was waiting for a ship with red sails. He went to the city. There, in the shop, the captain acquired scarlet in silk. The next morning, a stunning white ship arrived in Caperna. He had red sails. Gray took Assol to the ship and took with him. Everything happened as predicted by Aigle. The inhabitants of Caperna were shocked.

"Running on the waves"

This is a novel that Alexander Green wrote again about the sea. Strange things happened to young man Thomas. First, he saw a girl descending from the ship, who acted fascinatingly around others. The next day, he spent time playing cards and clearly heard a woman's voice, which said: "Running on the waves." However, he was the only one who heard her. A day later, he saw in the port a ship called "Running along the waves." The young man thought that there was a connection between all these events. He decided to become a passenger of the ship, the name of which he heard while playing cards. Once on the ship, a young man discovers a portrait of a beautiful girl there. The captain tells him that the ship was built by a certain Ned Seniel. And this portrait was painted with his daughter Bice. Ned went broke and sold the ship to the current owner. At night, the captain had fun with the women on the ship. Hearing the screams of one of them, Thomas intervened and entered into a fight. The captain was furious with such an act of the passenger. The young man was put in a boat and lowered into the open sea. There was a girl in the boat. When she spoke to him, he was sure that it was this voice that he heard while playing cards. She introduced herself as Freesy Grant. The girl advised him to head south, where the ship would pick him up. After that, she jumped into the water and went along the waves. Once on the ship Freesy spoke of, Thomas heard a legend. It was said that this girl is the one who was shipwrecked, and helps. On the ship, Thomas met Desi, who soon became his wife. They learned about the fate of the “Running on the Waves” that the ship was found abandoned near a deserted island. Why the crew left him remained a mystery.

In memory of the writer

Museums, streets, festivals and so on bear the name of Alexander Green. In 1978, Soviet astronomers discovered the planet, which was given the name "Grineviya." In 2012, a passenger ship was named in honor of the writer. In Kirov there is a library of Alexander Green, as well as in Nizhny Novgorod, Feodosia, Moscow and Slobodsky. In St. Petersburg, annually there is a celebration for graduates called "Scarlet Sails". Museums of Alexander Green are in the Old Crimea, in Feodosia, in Kirov and in Slobodsky. To the 120th birthday of the writer, a literary prize was established. Also named after A. Green are festivals, conferences and readings. In the Old Crimea, Naberezhnye Chelny, Gelendzhik, Feodosia, Moscow, Slobodsky and Arkhangelsk there are streets named after the writer. In Kirov, there is a gymnasium and an embankment named after Alexander Green. And also installed his bronze bust.

Criticism

Alexander Green was always perceived differently by literary critics. Before the revolution, some accused him of emulating E. Poe, J. London, and E. Hoffmann. His works were not taken seriously. Others thought that there was nothing wrong with becoming like Western writers, all the more so as it was not a powerless imitation or parody. They said that the works of A. Green are saturated with a thirst for strong sensations and faith in life. Soon, A. Green formed the opinion that he was the master of the plot. In the 1920s they wrote about Alexander Stepanovich that he is one of the few who owns the word fully. Maxim Gorky called him a useful storyteller. In the years 20-40, A. Green was considered not appropriate to Soviet ideology. After the Great Patriotic War, he was completely called the “preacher of cosmopolitanism”, a third-rate writer who is not a major phenomenon of literature, his works were banned. In post-Soviet times, critics began to write about Alexander Stepanovich that under his adventures and adventures, his works concealed high artistic thought and a complex personal concept. Some modern critics consider A. Green to be naive, not adapted to the world and retaining youthful maximalism until the end of his life .