Fans of poetry often argue about which genre a particular poem belongs to. In fact, there are a great many varieties of literary works, including lyric ones. Sometimes it’s only philologists who can handle them. Here and elegy, and odes, and satirical poems, and poems in prose - you will not list all. Many genres in our time "left the stage" and are almost never found in contemporary poetry .
Let us consider briefly what genres are. As you know, lyrical forms can vary in volume (small ones - poems, sonnets, epigrams, odes, etc., larger ones - poems, ballads), genres, content (love lyrics, friendly message, solemn praise, satirical epigram etc.). Poetic works can be strictly canonized in form (have a strictly defined number of lines or stanzas) or written in free form, sometimes without respecting size and rhyme ("white" verses). However, the impression of "complete freedom" of versification in this case is misleading - any work is created according to certain canons.
So, the main genres of poems. A classic poem is considered a small (in contrast, for example, from a poem) literary work in poetic form. Since the 19th century is the most common form of lyrics. Ode - a pathetic, solemn work glorifying someone or something, often performed to music. Translated from Greek means "song". Elegy - under this name in ancient poetry was meant a poem written in the form of elegiac distich, later (in Western European poetry) works were called elegies romantic-sentimental, telling of unhappy love, disappointments, transience of being.
A ballad is a poetic work that has a plot, usually of a folklore or historical nature, often based on a legend. Ballads often had a mysterious, sometimes gloomy color. The song belongs to the verbal and musical art. The form usually consists of stanzas or couplets. The content can be from lyrical to satirical, according to the composition of performers - solo or choral, with or without musical accompaniment. A song can be folk or professional, it can be author's (for example, a romance).
Many genres of poems today are no longer found. This message is a work addressed to a specific or fictional person (it was popular from ancient times until about the middle of the 19th century), madrigal is a compliment poem, addressed most often to a woman, an apologist is a poem of a moralizing character.
Bucolica (pastoral) is the common name for two separate genres that are often confused - eclogs and idylls. Ekloga depicts everyday rural scenes, dialogues between shepherds and shepherds. The idyll tells of a peaceful and carefree life in the bosom of nature (often this concept is used with irony). Both of these varieties originated in ancient Greece and existed until the beginning of the 19th century.
There are genres of poems, clearly structured, with a given classical canons form. This is a 14-line sonnet, including 2 quatrains for 2 rhymes (called quatrains) and 2 three-verses (the so-called terzeta) for 3 or 2 rhymes. Sonnets appeared in Italy in the 13th century and were unusually popular in the Renaissance, reflected in the poetry of the Baroque, romanticism and, partly, modernism.
Rondo genre can also be attributed to solid forms . This is a version of a poem of 15 lines, and the 9th and 15th lines are non-rhyming refrain, repeating the beginning of the first line. In addition to rondo, the solid forms include triolet, rurnel, stanza, octave, sicilian, rondel.
The genres of poems of a comic nature were always popular. This fable is a short moralizing work with indispensable morality at the end, whose heroes were usually animals and fairy-tale characters. The epigram is a small satirical poem, often dramatically making fun of someone. Burlesque is a kind of comic genre.
In a separate group, one can distinguish genres of poetic works, one way or another based on the variation of grammatical forms or just a pun. This is an acrostic, from the initial letters of which you can add a word or phrase, an anacyclic verse (read from beginning to end and vice versa), burime (verses for a predetermined rhyme), palindrome (equally read from right to left and vice versa), etc.