Theatrical games are ... Definition, types, conditions and features

The game is one of the most important types of children's activities, in the course of which there is development and training. Theater for a child - a fairy tale, a holiday and positive emotions. Theatrical games - this is an activity that allows the teacher to form aesthetic education, creativity and love of art. An adult should understand the specifics of such a pastime and actively involve all children in it. In the article below you will find complete information about this difficult kind of game.

The concept of theatricalization in preschool institutions

The theatrical game is a powerful means of developing empathy in children (the ability to distinguish other people's emotions by intonation, facial expressions, gestures). Based on this skill, the ability to respond to a work of art and evaluate it is already being formed. In general, such a game is the playing of fairy tales, short stories and other works by children under the guidance of a teacher or on their own.

The theatrical activity has the ability to exert a positive influence on the pupils through the characters.

Children see the role model in the heroes of the works , because most often the themes of the dramatization are friendship, honesty, kindness, courage. Having accustomed to the image, the child takes over his features and delves into the basics of moral education. And the variety of topics and ways of translating children's theatrical games allows the teacher to use them for the full development of the personality.

How are dramatization games classified?

Children's theatricalization is usually divided into two large groups: directorial games and dramatization.

Directing games are table and shadow theaters, actions with a flannelograph. In this case, the child is not a character, he only leads and voices the hero. In dramatization, the pupil already plays the role independently.

Director's games, in turn, are divided into:

• Desktop toy theater - any crafts and toys can be characters, the main thing is to make it convenient to move them around the table.
• Tabletop theater of pictures - in this case, the characters are depicted in the illustrations and their actions are limited. The main role is in the intonation of the child.
• Flanelegraph - characters are attached to a screen covered in flannel. The inside of the carved heroes is also covered with fabric.
• Shadow theater - in this case, a screen from translucent paper is used, carved heroes from dark paper and a light source that is installed behind the screen. You can use your fingers.

Drama games are divided into:

• Finger-type - the child puts a doll on his finger and depicts actions with it. You can hide behind a screen or play openly.
• Bibabo dolls.
• Improvisation is a dramatization without a specific plot and preparation. The game is completely intuitive.

This classification helps to expand the theatrical activities of children in all groups and enrich their knowledge in this area.

How to organize theatricalization in a preschool educational institution?

Work on introducing children to the theater begins with the accumulation of emotional and sensory experience, that is, at the beginning they should watch the performances that are staged by adult professionals. Over time, pupils themselves become involved in activities and are able to distinguish between genres and moods, themes of works.

To successfully master the basics of theatricalization, the teacher and parents must provide the child with freedom of creativity. In general, working with parents is an important part of teaching creativity. The teacher and parents should work together, be at the same time. This is facilitated by holding creative evenings, conversations and consultations.

Successful theatrical games are also correctly selected pieces for stage performance. The teacher should choose them wisely, looking at the subject matter, artistic value and relevance to the age and experience of the pupils.

What principles does a teacher rely on when organizing theatricalization in a preschool educational institution?

1. The principle of humanistic orientation - between the teacher and the children should be established humane relations.
2. Integration principle - in the game different types of activity and art should be combined.
3. The principle of creative interaction - a child and an adult should enter into a relationship of co-creation and discuss all possible ways of development of the game.

Only following these principles, the teacher can talk about the fact that he organizes theatrical games on GEF.

Methods of improving creative activity

In order for children's creative activity not to stand still, but to develop, the teacher must apply specific methods. What is their essence? So:

• The method of modeling situations - the teacher, together with the children, creates model situations, plots and sketches in which they could master creative activities.
• The method of creative conversation - the teacher asks the children a problematic question and through dialogue the pupils enter into creative activity.
• The method of association - awakens the imagination of children with the help of associative comparisons. Then the child tries to create something new based on past experience.

The theatrical play of preschoolers can be organized in any kind of activity and in any lesson. To improve the theatrical literacy of children, careful training of teachers is important. They should become a model of creative behavior for their students. A great way to achieve what you want is to organize a pedagogical theater on the basis of a kindergarten under the guidance of a musician. Such additional training will help to reveal the creative possibilities of teachers, and children, looking at them, learn the same reincarnation.

When children grow up to the opportunity to stage their own performances (these are theatrical games in the senior and preparatory groups), they need to be divided into groups: directors, costumers, screenwriters, artists and so on.

This method of work not only teaches you to work in a team, but also develops imagination. Parents should be involved in the work, for example, they can help with the scenery and costumes.

Requirements for the organization of games in DOW

Theatrical games are not only fun for children, but also serious preliminary training for educators. When organizing them, the teacher must rely on the basic requirements:

1. A variety of subjects and its content.
2. Correspondence of the game to the age of children, gradual complication.
3. The activity of children is not only during the game itself, but also during preparation for it.
4. Collaboration of children with peers and educator at each stage of preparation.
5. The constant inclusion of theatrical games in all regime moments and activities (along with the role-playing).

The development of the game begins with the preparation of a script based on a work and only then comes the time for improvisation. Children must master the basic elements of reincarnation as other heroes so that other participants can quickly recognize them. But it is not worth sharply restricting fantasies, there should always be a place for imagination and non-standard character display.

Features of theatrical games in different groups

Holding games with children of different ages is excellent from each other. It is important for children to gradually acquaint themselves with the theater and its concepts, involving them in an already active reincarnation. Such games are recommended to start already with the second younger group (although they will be given less time than in subsequent years). True, in the younger group, such classes are called role-playing games. Children reincarnate as animals or birds, but are not yet able to beat a full story. They copy a fox, bear or hare only externally, not being able to reveal their character. That is why kids need to read artworks more often and organize games on them.

Theatrical games in the middle group are already learning to combine movements and words, use pantomime. With inactive children of this age, you can dramatize simple nursery rhymes. More active children are already capable of dramatizing simple tales with the help of a puppet theater.

Theatrical games in the older group are becoming more complicated, children continue to improve their acting skills. Now they need to learn how to find ways of figurative expressiveness on their own. The game must necessarily contain an acute situation and dramatic conflict, the formation of a character, saturation with emotions and not very complex dialogs. Such a game is more complex than simply imitating someone, because in it you need not only to learn words, but also to feel the character’s image.

The theatrical play in the preparatory school group often becomes a performance. Moreover, you can play it both for yourself in the group, and for the audience (parents or younger children in the garden). Now it’s worth turning more often to directorial games, where the child chooses a toy and makes it speak and perform actions. This teaches the regulation of behavior and speech.

Games with roles in the younger group

Role-playing games for toddlers are usually acting out situations, pantomimes, playing with poems, with imaginary objects. The article above only talked about the theoretical side of dramatization games, now it's time to give examples of such activities with children. Each group should have a card file of theatrical games with goals. So, what role games do the younger group have?

• acting out the situation “I don’t want porridge” - the goal of such a game is to teach children to pronounce phrases intonationally. Children are divided into pairs - children and the parent. The parent asks, persuades, forces the child to eat porridge, and the child refuses, is capricious, politely disagrees.
• pantomime "Going to kindergarten" - the teacher teaches children to show without words how they wake up and stretch, wash and do exercises, dress and run to kindergarten. The goal of the game is to develop imagination and expressiveness of gestures.
• playing with an imaginary subject helps to build skills in working with imaginary objects. For example, the teacher invites the kids to stroke the kitten that is in his hands. The animal is "passed" from hand to hand, caressed and said kind words to it. You can also play the game "Delicious sweets", where children are treated to an imaginary treat. They take it, holding out their hand, unfold the candy wrapper and send the candy into their mouth, showing everyone how delicious it is. Exercise also trains chewing skills.

Theatrical games in the middle group

Games for children in the middle group are a little more complicated, imitations of movements become more diverse. The teacher also has pantomime in the arsenal, role-playing poems, poetry games and games for muscle relaxation and tension.

• Imitation of walking - the teacher asks the children to show how they walked when they were little, how grandmother, wolf, fox, princess and so on walk
• Pantomime "Bears" - children, getting used to the role, come out of the den, squint at the bright sun, stretch and draw in their nose with air. The cubs diverge in the clearing, and here the teacher can connect improvisation. What will animals do in spring?
• Theatrical games in the middle group already include muscle corset. An example of a game - a girl walks in the forest and sees a butterfly. She is surprised, stretches her neck, tilts her body and makes a throw with her hands forward. Another game - the girl was presented with a new doll. She is very happy, spinning, hugs a surprise and shows it to everyone around.

• For playing poems in the younger group, such works as "The hare had a garden", "Soap bubbles", "Angry goose" are ideal.

Theatrical games in the senior group

Children 5-6 years old is useful to play puzzles without words. It well develops the expressiveness of gestures and facial expressions. The group is divided into two parts. The first group considers pictures with riddles and chooses those that they can show without words. The second subgroup guesses what their comrades offer them. Then there is a change of roles.

Very well develops the imagination and dialogical speech of the game "Phone". Children are divided into pairs and given them tasks: to invite a friend for his birthday, to apologize to a friend for prank, and so on. To develop intonational speech, one should take a phrase and ask the pupils to pronounce it sadly, cheerfully, viciously, with surprise.

To improve acting abilities, it’s useful to exercise at the mirror to see the results of your efforts. The teacher can ask the child to portray a dog, a princess, a punished boy, a bee that sits on a flower. Having given a handkerchief to children 5-6 years old, you can ask them to depict using a subject a grandmother, a wizard, a butterfly, a person with a bad tooth.

Important and new in the older group is the development of plastic expressiveness.

The goals of theatrical games of such a plan are to learn to own the body, to move arms and legs in a relaxed and beautiful way. Examples of these are:

• “The fox is eavesdropping” - the fox is standing at the house of a cockerel and a cat and listens to what is being discussed inside. She puts forward one leg and tilts the body, puts her ear closer to the wall, opens her mouth and makes cunning eyes.
• "Dance of the rose" - the teacher includes calm music and invites children to perform a beautiful flower dance. Pupils improvise, inventing movements on their own. Suddenly the music breaks off and the wind freezes all the roses. Children freeze in arbitrary poses. The game is repeated several times.
• “Palm” - children depict palm growth (arms and body stretch up, legs on toes) and its withering (arms fall down).

Dramatization games for a school preparatory group

In the preparatory group, children continue to play mime, but the tasks are significantly complicated. You can suggest depicting an ugly duckling, an angry lion, a horse rider, a game of snowballs, fishing. Sketches, which teach you to reproduce facial expressions and gestures of individual character traits and emotions, help to develop the imagination. Children can portray a greedy dog, a grouchy janitor, or nettle. This lesson is accompanied by a reading of poems.

But the most important theatrical games in the preparatory group are those that result in a staging of a fairy tale. For example, the teacher reads the tale of S. Perrault "Puss in Boots". Then you can watch a cartoon, draw scenery with children (field, river, castle). This is the preliminary work, the need for which was discussed above. Then the teacher distributes the roles between the children and stage the fairy tale. With children of 6-7 years old, you can play Suteev’s works, the fairy tale “Little Red Riding Hood”, Russian folk tales and so on.

An interesting activity for children is remaking a fairy tale. For example, children with the help of a puppet theater redo the fairy tale "Kolobok" - a kolobok meets a fox at the very beginning of the story, only then with a hare, wolf, bear and cat. Then he meets the boy Sasha, who reconciles all the heroes of the play.