The grape variety of Pamyatka Dombkowska is also called BChZ, or seedless black winter-hardy. This denomination captures the characteristics of the variety. There is another combination of these qualities: ChBZ. He developed the variety and distributed it among wine growers F. Shatilov in 1983. It received its name in the 90s of the last century in honor of the wine-growing scientist Yanina Dombkovskaya. Why is it valuable?
Grape varieties
They are divided into groups according to various indicators. According to the ripening period, grape varieties have ultra-early, early, mid-early, middle, late grapes. Gardeners' reviews indicate: in order to get a good grape harvest, several factors must be taken into account. First of all, it is climatic conditions. It is best to grow medium, early or very early grape varieties. They are more likely to ripen in all weather conditions. The earliest grape varieties ripen in late July or early August.
By purpose, they are divided into dining rooms and technical. The former are more suitable for eating, the latter are suitable for making juice and wine.
All varieties can be conditionally divided by color. There are varieties of white grapes, pink, red and black. Often the berries have a waxy coating. It looks especially beautiful on black berries. It is he who gives them a dark blue hue. This is not to say that black grapes are tastier than white or vice versa. It all depends on the characteristics of a particular variety. But the berries of different colors look very impressive in the vineyard.
- Varieties of white grapes of early ripening - White Miracle, Laura, Kishmish-342.
- Pink - Gourmet early, Dashun.
- Some varieties of black grapes of early ripening - Harold, Krasa Nikopol, Rochefort.
- The Reds are Aristocrat, Asya, Ataman.
Black grapes include Pamyatka Dombkowska grapes.
Grade description
He combined the best features of “parents”. The grape variety of the Memory of Dombkowska was obtained by crossing the following varieties: Zarya Severa and Kishmish unique. Tall bush with a thick vine. The leaves are dark green, large. Flowers grapes in memory of Dombkowska has bisexual. So he does not need a pollinator. Begins to bear fruit in the third year after planting. Permanent yield since the fifth year. The number of fruitful shoots is about 90%.
Grapes in Memory of Dombkowska has large dense brushes. The average weight of one is 300-350 g, the weight of large ones is up to 800 g, sometimes even more than a kilogram, dimensions - 13 × 20 cm. If the crop is not standardized, peeling is observed.
The berries are medium in size, oval, black with a wax coating. They are used to make grape juice and wine. They have a burgundy color and an original aroma.
The size of one berry reaches 13 × 16 mm. Taste is good, harmonious. The peel is easily eaten. Sugar in grape berries is about 20 percent, acid - 10. Taste quality was estimated by experts at 8.4 points.
The variety is early. It reaches maturity within 90-115 days from budding, in the Chernozem region - at the end of August, to the north - in the first ten days of September. It hangs for a long time on the branches, while it becomes even sweeter.
Very frost resistant. Designed for cultivation in the northern regions.
Productivity
About 12 kg is obtained from one bush under production conditions. In households, the harvest is much larger.
Landing place
The soil for planting grapes should be chernozem, loamy, well fertilized and supplied with moisture. You need to choose a place so that the bush is well lit and the berries are filled with sugar. In areas where the climate is not very hot, grapes need to be planted near the south, southwest or southeast wall, near a high fence.
Landing
It is better to prepare a pit for planting in the form of a cube with a side of one meter from autumn or early spring. Gardeners with experience claim that a pit with a side of 70 cm is sufficient, since the root of the grape grows by 60 cm. It is sprinkled with rubble or sand on the bottom. Drainage is laid on top, which can be sawdust 10 cm thick or small planks. The pit warms up in the sun. For this, it is covered with a film. The soil is mixed with humus, sand, expanded clay. Add a pound of ash. A couple of glasses of wheat or oat grains are also poured here.
Grapes should not be planted in places where water stagnates, in lowlands, places with close occurrence of groundwater. The bush is tall and sprawling, therefore it must be planted at a distance of 3 meters from each other. Rows are usually located one and a half meters. If you dig a smaller hole, the grapes will grow, but will not bear fruit in full force. Bushes are planted in late May. Before this, for a couple of weeks, the plants are hardened, taken out and gradually left overnight.
Planting seedlings in the ground, pour the soil warmed up in the sun into the prepared hole, dig a hole 30 cm deep in the mound and by means of transshipment immerse a lump of earth with the plant in it. They fall asleep with earth, watered and covered with a black film. It will protect the soil from drying out. Instead of a film, you can cover with a layer of mulch, using compacted sawdust, grass or straw.
The grape bushes in memory of Dombkowska form multi-sleeve, fan-shaped or placed on a vertical trellis. Pruning is carried out on 7 eyes. The variety forms brushes on replacement buds. On rich soils using irrigation, given the strength of the bush, the stump is left high, fruit stems are cut into 10 eyes.
Breeding
One of the easiest ways is layering. The shoot, tilted to the ground, is bent even lower and instilled. For reliability, you can pin it with a wooden stag or fix it with something heavy. The disadvantage of this method is that you need to do this directly near the mother bush.
Growing from the cuttings is a little more complicated. But it makes it possible to get a large number of seedlings in any convenient place. Cuttings should have a length of 15 cm, a thickness of at least 8 mm and three, in extreme cases, two, kidneys. Store them in a refrigerator or cellar at a temperature of about 5 degrees Celsius. In spring, cuttings are treated with potassium permanganate, cut. The upper cut is treated with garden var. Soak well before planting cuttings in a solution of a biostimulant. At the bottom, they make scratches with a knife, in the place of which roots form faster.
In a drawer with drainage, soil is poured with sand so that it is light. You can plant directly in plastic glasses or cut bottles. The cuttings are soaked in melt water for several days, dipped in clay mash and planted in the ground to a depth of 5 cm. They are watered, the cuttings are covered with glasses or a film. The box is installed in a warm place, after the bud is opened, the shelter is removed. Planted in the ground, slightly deepening to form additional roots. First you can drop into buckets. So it will be convenient to transfer them from place to place when hardening.
In more southern regions, it is easier to plant cuttings in the ground in a permanent place, tilting them at an angle of 45 degrees. The two lower kidneys are immersed in the ground and rammed. The kidney that remains, along with the handle, is lightly covered with earth. These cuttings are constantly watered, not allowing to dry. For winter they shelter from frost.
Propagation by green cuttings is similar to the previous method. Cuttings cut during thinning of the bush are planted in glasses. The lower leaves are removed before that. The upper section is a couple of centimeters above the kidney, the bottom is made obliquely under the knot.
To check whether your grapes grow well, you need to measure it in the fall. The bush should be up to one and a half meters tall, have several branches and a strong root system.
Watering
In cloudy, rainy weather, Pamyat Dombkowska bushes are watered once a week. In dry weather, this should be done every other day.
The following year, in dry weather, watered once a week. Adult bushes do not water.
Summer bush formation
Break green stalks regularly and on time. Otherwise, the bush will thicken and overgrow with shoots, the berries will be small, and may be peas.
Larger fruits can be obtained by applying breakout of the sprouts in the complex and spraying with gibberellin, a plant hormone. He processes the bush during active flowering and at the end of it. Diluted in a concentration of 30 and 70 g of gibberellin per liter of water, respectively.
If the grapes of Pamyatka Dombkowska winters without shelter and frost do not exceed 28 degrees, less than a third of the eyes freeze. Therefore, it is better to cover it for the winter. The vine by this time is fully ripe. You need to cover with materials that allow air to pass through. Otherwise, it may warp during the thaw.
Pests and diseases
Grapes of Dombrow Memorial do not suffer much from fungal diseases. Infection with mildew and oidium is average. In rainy seasons, a couple of sprays are carried out from these diseases.
Berries that are long on the vine are damaged by wasps.