Recently, exploitation of child labor has been widespread. This is one of the common problems of the modern world. Child labor is used not only in families and educational institutions, but also in large companies. A huge number of scandalous situations are associated with this violation of the law. In our article you can find detailed information about the bill.
General Bill Information
The exploitation of child labor is increasingly found every year. Article 32-36 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child establishes the responsibility of the state in protecting the rights of minors from unlawful coercion to work. The document, which contains three parts, was adopted on September 2, 1990. The convention was finally formed several years ago.
Article 32 exempts children from any work that could adversely affect health or become an obstacle to education. According to it, the minimum age for employment is established.
In the summer of 1999, a new Convention on the Rights of the Child was adopted. It published articles on the worst forms of exploitation of child labor. It focuses on the eradication of slavery, coercion of the participation of the child in armed conflict, prostitution and drug trafficking. Countries that have ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child must protect minors from exploitation.
Throughout the world, the illegal exploitation of child labor is observed. Article of the Criminal Code 127.1 provides for punishment for kidnapping and forcing him to work. However, the Criminal Code does not contain a separate bill that would speak about the exploitation of child labor. However, in the near future the government plans to amend it.
Many bills have been created to address the problems associated with the exploitation of child labor. An article of the Russian Federation of the Labor Code contains information that a minor may voluntarily get a job if this is not an obstacle to education. In this case, written permission from the parents will also be required. A minor must work in good conditions. He is also entitled to reduced working hours, benefits and vacation. However, it is impossible to get a job before the age of 15. This is prohibited by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.
Child labor at school
The exploitation of child labor in school often goes unnoticed. Almost all general educational institutions actively use it in the form of class duty, summer practice, etc. Is child labor considered illegal in school?
In Soviet times, child labor in schools was welcome. He was one of the methods of patriotic education. Nowadays, views on child labor have changed. A large number of bills have been created that help protect the childhood of every child.
The most important condition for attracting a child to work at school is the permission of his parents. It must be in writing. If it is absent, then the child does not have the right to force any work at school. If child labor is used regularly in an educational institution without permission, parents can write a complaint to the prosecutor’s office or district education department.
In the event that parental permission to work is present, teachers must ensure that it is carried out in compliance with all generally accepted norms. Pupils are forbidden to lift heavy objects, wash windows and perform cleaning near the roadway.
Bills Implementation
The law of exploitation of child labor exists for a long time. There are cases when the school leadership was held accountable for exempting students from lessons for the whole day in connection with the duty. For example, the prosecutor's office of the Arkhangelsk region examined and responded to a statement from the mother of a schoolboy from one of the educational institutions of Novodvinsk. Her son was kept on duty during class. The prosecutor's office saw in the actions of the school principal a violation of the Law "On Education". By his actions, the head of the institution deprives the student of obtaining the full amount of knowledge. Since then, school duty has been canceled.
Statistics
Statistics on the exploitation of child labor shock almost everyone. According to studies by the International Labor Organization, there are about 168 million working minor citizens in the world. This is approximately 11% of the total child population. However, it is known that their number is declining. During 2000-2012, the number of working children decreased by 78 million.
In 2008, many experts suggested that because of the economic crisis, the exploitation of child labor would begin to gain momentum with renewed vigor. However, according to studies by the International Labor Organization, the number of working children did not increase at that time. Experts attribute this to the fact that in countries where the problem of exploitation is most acute, the crisis barely affected.
The largest number of working children is observed in Asia and the Pacific. There, according to statistics, 77.7 million minors work. The exploitation of child labor is also present in Africa. Every fifth child illegally works there.
Exploitation of children in Russia
The problem of child labor is often found on the territory of the Russian Federation. On the streets of almost all cities of Russia you can see a working child. Most often they give out advertisements or put up ads. Teenagers claim to be financially independent of their parents. That is why they begin to work from 12-13 years old, undergoing illegal exploitation.
Every year in the Russian Federation, bills are created that protect the interests of minors. According to them, any teenager whose age has reached 16 years should work in decent conditions. Otherwise, the employer will be punished by law.
In Russia and neighboring countries, parents often encourage the work of their children. They believe that in this way the child becomes more independent and begins to understand how hard it is to make money. Representatives of the International Labor Organization believe that the Russian mentality needs to be changed. Program Coordinator Rimma Kalinchenko claims that this issue needs to be discussed. She believes that only in this case will it be possible to change the opinion of citizens about child labor.
Large companies and child labor
This year, one of the world's human rights organizations made a report. He was accused of three leading companies that specialize in the development of electronic equipment, namely Samsung, Apple, Sony. They were suspected of purchasing minerals that are mined through the exploitation of child labor. According to the report, children from seven years old work in mines in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. They mine the minerals that are needed to create lithium-ion batteries.
Company executives buying minerals say they do not accept the use of child labor. However, eyewitness accounts suggest the opposite. Specialists from the Human Rights Organization claim that such work is hazardous to health. It is known that in these mines there is a high mortality rate. According to eyewitnesses, only over the past year more than 80 minors died there.
According to the United Nations Children's Fund, at least 40 thousand children are engaged in the extraction of minerals in the mines of the DRC. Companies of global importance deny this fact. They claim that they do not acquire goods obtained in this way.
The rights of a minor employee
Not every minor who wants to get a job knows about his rights. That is why adolescents often become easy money for dishonest employers. It is important that the student familiarizes themselves with them in advance.
Russian law provides for the age at which a student can get a job. At the age of 15, with the permission of the parents, the teenager can get a job. However, his work should not be an obstacle to receiving the training material in full. A working student must attend all classes and do homework. When employing, orphans, adolescents from the families of unemployed citizens, as well as dysfunctional or large families have priority.
It is worth noting that the employer cannot dismiss a minor employee without the permission of the labor inspectorate. According to the bill, adolescents who are under the age of 16 should not work more than 24 hours a week. Minors 16-18 years old cannot work more than 36 hours a week.
Sexual exploitation and slavery
According to experts, each year in the world about a million children fall into the illegal sex business. Some are forced into it, and some are lured there by fraud. The demand for children is growing more and more every year, as there is a misconception that such an intimate relationship is less likely to lead to HIV infection. Such exploitation causes irreversible harm to the health of the child. Children are often sold into sexual slavery under the guise of servants.
Article 34 of the Convention calls on States to protect children from sexual exploitation and slavery. Article 35 indicates that governments should take appropriate measures to prevent the abduction of minors.
World Child Labor Day
Around the world, the struggle against the exploitation of child labor. Thanks to this, the number of working minors has decreased significantly. June 12 is World Day Against the Exploitation of Child Labor. It was adopted in 2002 by the International Labor Organization in order to attract public attention to the problem that is present in all countries.
To summarize
Exploitation of child labor is a problem that occurs in all countries. It is most common in Africa and Asia. There is a problem in the territory of the Russian Federation. In the near future, the government plans to amend the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, according to which violators who exploit the child will be held accountable. To date, there are already several bills that are responsible for preserving childhood.