In 1991, the Cabinet of Ministers approved a list of professions associated with dangerous and harmful working conditions. This legally compensates for the harm caused to the health of workers and guarantees them additional benefits and privileges, which are regulated by the Federal Law "On State Pension Provision".
Social benefits to workers in harmful occupations
The main benefit for workers of such labor is early retirement (according to the law on pension provision). Workers employed in hazardous industries receive the following social benefits:
- increase in the number of days of paid annual leave;
- the enterprises organize free meals;
- monetary compensation in the form of an increased salary;
- the provision of free spa holidays;
- shortened work week, etc.
The preferential pension on list 2 in Russia and on list 1 is fixed by the relevant federal, sectoral regulatory legal acts. A strict hierarchy is traced in the acts of these acts. Local or industry documents cannot cancel or reduce the benefits provided by the Government of the Russian Federation.
Approximately 40% of jobs at manufacturing enterprises in Russia are affected by harmful factors. People employed in such industries retire ahead of schedule. To compensate for the harm caused by harmful factors to the health of workers, lists of preferential specialties 1 and 2 were developed.
List Differences
Given the ever-changing economic situation, lists of harmful professions are periodically reviewed. They are replenished with new professions that have a negative impact on the health of workers.
List 1 includes dangerous and difficult professions.
To list 2 - specialties that have not received a legislative definition of particularly harmful, but work in which has a negative impact on human health.
Based on the wording given in the regulatory documents, the conclusion suggests itself that the first list combines specialties that can cause great harm to the life and health of workers. The 2nd list shows professions that do less harm. But, like workers on list 1, workers on list 2 have a preferential pension in Russia . Accordingly, the greater the danger a worker is exposed to at work, the more benefits and compensation are due to him.
Lists 1 and 2 of harmful professions
In 1991, a Government Decree was adopted, which enshrined in law the division of the lists of professions with dangerous and harmful risk factors.
List 1 includes the following areas of general activity associated with hazardous working conditions:
- mining operations;
- underground work;
- work related to the preparation for processing of ores and other non-metallic rocks, their roasting;
- ferrous metallurgy;
- work using coking coal;
- chemical and petrochemical production;
- processing of natural energy carriers (gas, oil, etc.);
- electrical engineering;
- melting of non-ferrous and ferrous metals;
- production of building materials;
- assembly of radio equipment;
- pulp and paper production;
- synthetic fiber production;
- NPP maintenance;
- service in the river and navy;
- production of medicines and other areas of activity.
Preferential professions included in list 2 are approved by the law on pension provision. This includes categories such as:
- mining;
- ore preparation;
- processing of coal, shale, metal;
- production of refractories and hardware;
- workers of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy;
- food industry workers;
- railway workers;
- health workers;
- social workers and other professions.
The separation between the lists depends on the level of harmfulness of production. Employees of the FIU analyze records made in the citizen’s work book, other personnel documents. Then they are compared with the current legislation, it equates citizens to a particular list and determines its right to a preferential pension.
Conditions for Early Retirement
To take advantage of preferential retirement benefits, you do not need to work in hard and dangerous work all your life. A certain number of years of work experience is guaranteed by law, guaranteeing the receipt of social compensations. The citizen has the right to modify the remaining period of his able-bodied life in industries that do not negatively affect his health.
Men who have worked in difficult and hazardous working conditions (list 1) for at least ten years can expect early retirement. In hazardous production, experience should be 12.5 years. After working out this period, citizens can count on a preferential pension according to list 2 in Russia. For women, these requirements are slightly reduced: experience is 7.5 and 10 years, respectively.
Another criterion for special retirement benefits is the total length of service. A man who has worked in a preferential profession from 1 list must have a total experience of 20 years. If all the criteria are met, then at 50 he can already retire. Women must work for 15 years of seniority and at 45 years can acquire the status of a pensioner.
Pension list 2 provides for the stronger sex having a 25-year total work experience and a 20-year-old for women. Retirement for men is possible at 55 years, for the weaker sex - at 50.
A person who has not completed the harmful production in the right time, can still count on benefits. The age of his going on vacation will decrease in proportion to the number of years that he worked under difficult working conditions.
Where should I go?
Citizens who are on list 1 or 2, who have reached a certain age and have worked out their seniority should apply to the Pension Fund. After studying the work book, government employees may request additional documentation to clarify job records. It includes:
- face card T-54;
- timesheets;
- HR account card.
The Pension Fund should also provide:
- passport;
- SNILS;
- work book.
In case of doubt, employees of the FIU make an additional request for the necessary documentation, for example, a certificate from the enterprise that its activity falls within the definition of harmful production according to lists 1 and 2. They may require a medical certificate confirming the presence of prof. disease or disability.
Reasons for refusal
Based on the results of checking all the documentation, FIU specialists confirm the citizen’s right to a preferential pension on list 2 in Russia or list 1, or give a justified refusal. Typically, the reasons for failure are as follows:
- lack of evidence confirming the fact of work at a particular enterprise;
- the positions held by the applicant do not correspond to any of the positions fixed in the legislative lists;
- no confirmation of seniority.
A citizen has the right to challenge his disagreement with the decision of the FIU in court.
When does the appointment of a preferential pension occur? To avoid possible delays, you should contact the FIU 1–1.5 years before the expected retirement and clarify everything. The application is submitted in person upon request or by e-mail. Full-time consultation of the Foundation staff is also possible to clarify all the subtleties of the issue. If all documents are submitted on time, then payments will begin upon reaching retirement age.
For those who have not passed the verification of all documentation of citizens, a pension for preferential seniority is not provided.