Drill is an indispensable tool in the arsenal of a home master or professional. This equipment allows you to drill holes of various thicknesses. There are several varieties of such tools. Today there are both manual and electric drills. Every master should know how to use such a tool correctly.
During prolonged use, the equipment may fail. How to change the cartridge for drills should be found out before starting work. In this case, even a novice will be able to properly repair his tool.
User's manual
Work with a drill suggests that the master carefully read the operating instructions for this tool. This will prevent a lot of damage. The type of tool should also be considered. On sale today are hand and electric drills. They can vary in size, power and additional features.
Before working with a drill, it is necessary to examine the wall for the presence of communications hidden in its thickness. It can be electric wires or pipes. A metal detector will help to detect such objects. The hole will always be slightly larger than the diameter of the drill. This must be considered when choosing fasteners.
It should be ensured that during drilling (especially metal) the drill does not slip. This will avoid breaking it. For ceramic surfaces, a patch is recommended at the drilling site. The drill should be perpendicular to the wall.
Cartridge types
There are several types of cartridges. This must be considered before repairing the tool. Keyless chucks are most often used in electric drills. They make it easy to change the drill during operation. Such a kind of cartridge, for example, has a Makita, Bosch, Hitachi electric drill, etc. Do not buy cheap models with such a device. They quickly become worthless.
For impact drills, cam cartridges are used. They are stable even under difficult conditions. Drill installation is performed in such systems with a special key.
There is also a third category of cartridges. These are SDS collet chucks. There are 2 grooves in their shank. In this case, the drill is screwed into it and fixed with a locking ball. Also in this cartridge there are 4 grooves. Two of them are necessary for guide wedges. The other two grooves provide a secure snap fit. In such a chuck, the spindle is automatically locked after installation.
Type of mount
Considering the types of cartridges for a drill , one cannot but note the ways of their fastening. There are two main methods. Fastening can be done using a threaded connection or on a cone.
In the first embodiment, there is a thread on the shaft and the inner channel. It can be metric or inch (depending on the manufacturer). To make the connection strong, a special screw is installed inside the shaft. It has left-hand thread. It is unscrewed clockwise.
In the second version of fixation, a Morse cone is used. The end of the shaft has a characteristic shape. It is made in the form of a cone. The internal channel has the same form. It is at the end of the shaft that a cartridge is installed. This mounting option is more common in screwdrivers.
Marking
When repairing a drill, you can determine the type of attachment of the cartridge by marking. If the system has a threaded connection, the corresponding information will be printed on the case. Metric threads are marked with the letter “M”. The number that appears after the letter indicates the diameter of the connection. The maximum diameter of the drill chuck and its minimum shank value (for example, a range of 1-15 mm) are also indicated. The last digit indicated in the marking indicates the thread pitch.
For the inch system, the UNF designation is used. Before proceeding with the repair of equipment, it is necessary to carefully check whether the fastening of the new part meets the parameters set by the manufacturer. Almost all foreign instruments use an inch system.
The cone connection is marked with the letter “B” and a number (this is the size of the shaft end). When choosing a new part, this indicator should also be paid attention to.
When do I need to change a cartridge?
When repairing a Makita, Hitachi, Stanley, or Bosch drill, you should first familiarize yourself with the manufacturer's instructions. This will help to do the job well. The chuck must hold the drill firmly. This allows you to drill holes with a certain accuracy.
Over time, the clamping mechanism wears out. This also applies to the seat of the cartridge on the shaft. He starts to beat. The working area when the equipment starts to fluctuate. In this case, the hole is obtained with deviations both in diameter and location.
The wear of the mechanism does not allow tightly clamping the drill in the chuck. It will stop when the load increases. To fix such problems, you will have to replace the clamping mechanism.
Threaded Chuck Replacement
Replace the cartridge with drills should be carried out in accordance with the type of design. To remove the threaded connection, use a screwdriver. With its help, the spindle screw is loosened. It is located inside the drill. The screw must be loosened completely and removed from the spindle. This item has left-hand thread. Therefore, it should be unscrewed clockwise.
The cartridge, on the contrary, has a right-hand thread. To remove it, you will need to unscrew this structural element counterclockwise.
Sometimes the screw is very tightly screwed in. Manually dismantling it can be quite difficult. In this case, it is enough to tap the screwdriver with a hammer when it is installed in the groove on the fastener. You can also use a gas or open-end wrench. The first of them should grasp the cartridge, and the second - to fix the spindle.
Difficulty replacing threaded chuck
Sometimes even a key for a drill chuck cannot help dismantle a tool's construction. In this case, you can take a few more approaches. If the chucks work on the chuck, a larger hexagon can be used. This will help make more effort. In this case, the spindle must be secured with a spanner.
The design of the cartridge of modern electric drills does not imply the use of additional equipment. However, this does not mean at all that changing the cartridge to them will be easier. In this case, it is quite difficult to dismantle the clamping mechanism.
Sometimes you need to disassemble the tool body. This will allow you to reach the spindle hidden inside it. When assembled, this element can be hidden deep in the case. After dismantling and replacing the cartridge, the structure is assembled in the reverse order. You do not need to use additional keys.
If for some reason the screw inside is damaged, it can be replaced. In this case, it is recommended to purchase a cartridge adapter. It is sold for cam type tool. A screw is also included with the adapter.
Cone Chuck Replacement
Considering how to change the cartridge for drills , you should consider such a variety as a conical clamping mechanism. In this case, the procedure will be quite simple. In this case, you can use a special device. It is used for dismantling bearings.
To remove the cone-type clamping mechanism, the drill is placed vertically. Her drill should be pointing down. On the entire surface of the cartridge you need to knock with a hammer. In this case, the clamping mechanism will gradually begin to knock out of its seat.
The conical connection must then be cleaned and sanded with fine sandpaper. After that, the new cartridge will easily fall into place. It is fixed with a light hammer blow from above.
Causes of clamping problems
The drill, the instructions for use of which must be studied by the master before starting work, requires proper operation. In this case, many problems can be avoided.
Today, most electrical varieties of such equipment are equipped with an SDS type cartridge. It was developed by Bosch. This device is not very accurate. However, such a mechanism makes it possible to drill holes even in solid materials. In this case, the tool operates with a blow. In this case, drilling accuracy cannot be achieved. For this, a special adapter is used.
If it is necessary to drill an exact hole in wood, metal, plastic, a special nozzle is used. It is produced both for quick-clamping and for cam chuck.
It should be remembered that you can not perform milling with a drill. In this case, the cartridge will not be able to withstand the lateral load. It is also required to pay attention to the correct choice of the drill, its sharpening, as well as the marking of the drilling center (using a core).
Drill service
Periodically, the tool must be serviced, replaced with old parts, lubricated moving parts. In this case, you also need to learn how to change the cartridge for drills . The cone cartridge must be turned upside down. It is covered with wooden gaskets and clamped in a vice.
The nut is unscrewed with a gas wrench and the bearing is dismantled. The puck is pulled out. Further, the cartridge can be obtained from a vice. Manually twists the adjusting clutch. Cams need to be taken out of guides.
After dismantling, all parts of the clamping mechanism must be inspected, worn parts should be replaced. Next, the mechanism is assembled in the reverse order. All moving parts are lubricated with grease.
Other dismantling problems
Sometimes in the process of dismantling, other problems appear. For example, if a drill chuck is stuck , you need to disassemble the mechanism and perform its full cleaning, lubrication. Especially similar troubles appear after drilling the ceiling. Contamination pours into the cartridge. In this case, it can jam.
If the cartridge flies, you will need to increase the tension in the conical connection. To do this, the mechanism must be heated to 110 ° C in the oven. After that, it is installed on a cold seat. After this procedure, the cartridge will not fly off.
A runout may also occur when the instrument is operating. It occurs due to the wear of the conical base or uneven destruction of the surfaces of the cams. In this case, replacement of old system elements is required.
Having considered how to change the cartridge for drills, almost every master will be able to repair the tool to continue repair or construction work.