Combined roof is called the non-attic structure, which combines both the function of the roof and the attic floor. This type also differs in that less construction materials are required for installation. That is why with the arrangement of such a design, you can save money and also spend less time on work. Most often, the combined roof is mounted during the construction of private cottages, as well as multi-storey buildings and technical structures. What is this design - consider in this article.
Kinds
The combined roof, depending on the method of protecting the insulation from getting wet, is divided into the following types:
- Ventilated - characterized in that it has an air gap to dry the insulation. It is very popular during private construction. Due to the presence of an air gap, additional thermal insulation functions are provided. The combined ventilated roof guarantees maximum protection of each insulation layer, as well as the profitability of the installation. For the device of this type of roof reinforced concrete slabs are used. The latter are covered with a special insulating material, and concrete slabs are installed above the insulation.
- Unventilated. It does not have channels for drying, but at the same time it has waterproofing insulation. The combined non-ventilated roof has a more complex composition. Since the design has some limitations, this type is not recommended for use in regions where in winter the temperature drops below minus thirty degrees Celsius. Reinforced concrete slabs, which are covered with a vapor barrier, are used as the base for such a roof. The next layer is the insulating material. Next, to level the surface, a special screed is made of cement mortar, and then a waterproofing layer is laid. The final step is the laying of roll-type insulation materials.
- Partially ventilated - this option is considered intermediate. For the installation of such a roof, reinforced concrete slabs are also used. A layer of lightweight concrete slabs is laid on them, and then only rolled waterproofing material. This design is equipped with an attic.
Ventilated and non-ventilated roof
All their varieties differ from each other. What kind of roof to choose when building a home ownership, the owner determines based on his preferences, as well as financial capabilities.
Consider a ventilated roof device. This design is constructed of the following layers:
- carrier plate;
- bitumen vapor barrier;
- insulation;
- screeds;
- waterproofing;
- roll coating.
Partially ventilated has the following structure:
- bearing flat plate;
- pug made of light concrete with cylindrical channels of 30-40 millimeters;
- rolled roofing material.
Compared with a ventilated, non-ventilated design has a slightly different structure. Such a roof is constructed from a slope and a reinforced concrete slab, which must necessarily be equipped with longitudinal ribs.
Subspecies of Combined Structures
The combined roof is also divided into several types:
- Horizontal This is a non-ventilated roof that is adjacent to the supporting structures of the household.
- Flat. It is usually used in private construction and is considered a subspecies horizontal. A flat combined roof can be with or without an attic. Basically, it is on such roofs that terraces are arranged.
- Two-layer. It is characterized in that the design significantly reduces the load on the load-bearing wall. A kind of such a roof has two heat-insulating layers. Thanks to this, the house is reliably protected from heat loss.
- Inversion. It differs in that at such a roof waterproofing and insulation are located in the reverse order. The design provides high-quality protection against external negative influences.
Horizontal roof
What is she like? The horizontal combined roof is a non-ventilated structure that is adjacent to the supporting floors of the house. Currently, such designs can be flat, reverse and backward combined. Flat used in private construction. Combined reverse are used where dense heaters are used.
When arranging a horizontal combined roof, special attention should be paid to vapor barrier. This is due to the fact that the condensation formed can provoke deplorable consequences. Also, giving preference to this type of roof, it should be borne in mind that the structure is subject to sharp temperature drops. In the daytime, it will become very hot, and at night it will cool rapidly. To avoid negative effects, experts recommend laying a layer of gravel on the roof surface.
Flat roof
It is currently considered the most popular and common. This type can be effectively used both for the arrangement of industrial buildings and private households. The flat combined roof consists of a base, vapor barrier, insulation, waterproofing, insulation fastening, as well as roofing material.
Such a roof can be equipped with an attic or be equipped without it. Thanks to this particular type of roof, many buildings acquire an attractive architectural appearance. Any house combined with a flat roof will not only be protected, but also have an aesthetically attractive appearance. When installing such a roof, one should take into account the fact that the roofing is not recommended to choose dark shades. It is also necessary to ensure good ventilation. The best option is the use of stove or solid insulation. Often it is these structures that are preferred when arranging roof terraces.
Double layer
The two-layer combined roof is a kind of flat. It has a double layer of waterproofing, the lower of which is adjacent to the base.
Thanks to this scheme, it is possible to effectively protect the structure from the negative effects of weather conditions. Among other things, this option provides a significant reduction in the load on the roof. This factor increases the operational life and reduces heat loss.
Functionality
The design of the combined roofs helps to ensure a high level of comfort, practicality and functionality. The main feature of such a roof is that the installation of the structure is simple and does not require large financial costs. The benefits of combined roofs are undoubtedly obvious.
In addition, this roof perfectly protects the building from atmospheric precipitation, and also provides the attic with the necessary ventilation and roof space.
Design Features
When building a home ownership in the process of drawing up a design for the construction of combined roofs, special attention should be paid to all the nuances.
First of all, you need to carefully choose a heater, in which the thickness should be at least eighteen centimeters. During the laying of the heat-insulating layer, it is necessary to ensure its density, since any, even a slight gap can subsequently lead to undesirable manifestations. You should also take into account the fact that the vapor barrier should be located strictly under the heater.
The combined roof must certainly have a base in the form of a concrete slab, as well as insulation, hydro and vapor barrier, ventilation outlets, communication passages and fasteners. In the process of erecting a roof, you must follow all the recommendations. Otherwise, the heat insulator will leak, which will lead to poor performance.
Access to the roof
Before deciding on the type and type of roof, you should carefully familiarize yourself with all the features and carefully look at the photo of the combined roof.
Also, during installation, it should be borne in mind that any roof should be equipped with a convenient exit to its surface. This is required in order to provide unhindered access for its maintenance, garbage collection, as well as minor and major repairs.
Often a combined roof does not fulfill the functions that are assigned to it. This can also happen due to the lack of access to its surface. The exit can be made in the form of a small dormer-window, which, if desired by the owner, can have completely different sizes. The hosts also equip a full-fledged convenient exit.
If the building is significant in size, then in this case it is best to design a small extension, which should be located directly on the roof. A staircase can be built up from the lower room. The latter will help to easily get to the roof.
Combined Roof Wear
Any roof must be carefully monitored and taken care of, as well as minor or major repairs, if necessary. In order to determine the physical wear of the combined roof, it is necessary to pay attention to the following nuances:
- single minor injuries or holes in the roof, especially those occurring at junctions to vertical surfaces, as well as at places of deflection of wall gutters;
- surface swelling, as well as cracks or tears;
- destruction of the upper and lower layers of the roofing;
- mass leaks;
- peeling of the coating from the base;
- lack of coating parts;
- destruction of the enclosing grid.
When the above disadvantages appear, they must be eliminated immediately. You can do this yourself, as well as turning to professionals for help.
Conclusion
So, we examined what a combined roof is, what varieties it happens. This design has a lot of advantages. In order to fully enjoy its features, during installation it is necessary to follow absolutely all the recommendations and advice of professionals. Otherwise, unforeseen circumstances may arise during operation. The most common troubles that may result from improper installation include wetting the heat insulator. It is this nuance that can provoke a sharp deterioration in the properties of the roofing. In such a situation, condensation may begin to accumulate on the ceiling, which will lead to the appearance of fungus. In addition, this contributes to a change in the smell in the house and the development of pathogenic bacteria. That is why, during installation, special care is required. If you do not have the necessary knowledge and skills, it is best to seek help from specialists who will do everything at the highest level and give a guarantee that the roof will last for a long time.