Floors in country houses, city apartments and offices can be made of different materials. In most cases, they are collected, of course, from the boards. However, such floors, unfortunately, are not particularly durable. The board floor begins to creak, dry out, rot, and needs to be replaced over time. Therefore, in recent years, more and more modern types of floor have begun to be installed in residential and administrative buildings.
What is a monolithic floor
Such coatings are very popular today and can be equipped in rooms for various purposes. There are several types of such sexes. In particular, the arrangement of such a coating can be a good solution for rooms with high traffic. Solid floors that have no seams throughout their area are called monolithic.
Classification
The most common type of monolithic floor is, of course, concrete screed. Such coatings are durable and durable. However, unfortunately, concrete refers to materials with a high degree of thermal conductivity. In a living room on such a floor without additional decoration or the use of special heating systems it will most likely not be too comfortable to walk. Therefore, concrete screeds are usually poured only in various kinds of household and industrial premises. It can be, for example:
Very often, concrete monolithic floors are poured in baths. In this case, they are laid in the direction of the drain and sheathed on top of the board or glued with tiles.
In residential premises, more often, monolithic floors are not poured, not concrete, but:
Another variety of such seamless coatings are asphalt. Such floors are equipped, of course, only at production enterprises - in workshops, warehouses, etc. Mosaic floors are also a fairly common type of monolithic floors. Such coatings have an attractive appearance and a high degree of strength. Floors of this variety are usually poured in public places with a high degree of patency.
Materials for concrete screed
On the upper floors, such a floor is poured on a monolithic slab, on the first floor a crushed stone layer is poured under it. The solution for such coatings can be used either purchased ready-made or mixed with your own hands. In the latter case, concrete for screed is usually prepared from the following components:
In order for the floors to subsequently last as long as possible, they are reinforced with steel bars when casting.
The owners of suburban areas during the construction of one-story buildings most often equip the so-called monolithic floor on the ground. Such structures are usually poured when the building is being erected on a strip foundation. In this case, the soil is first compacted, and then stacked on it sequentially:
At the final stage, the monolithic floor screed itself is poured.
Design and Calculation
Such floors, like any others, are equipped, of course, taking into account the norms of SNiP. Too thick concrete screed in the premises in most cases do not. The exception in this regard are mainly only garages of trucks and workshops with heavy machines.
In warehouses, in private garages, in sheds and baths, in most cases, not too thick screed is poured. This allows you to save on material and at the same time equip a sufficiently reliable coating. The minimum allowable thickness of concrete screed, according to the norms of SNiP, are 3 cm.
Calculating the amount of materials needed to fill such a floor will not be particularly difficult. Sand, cement and gravel in the manufacture of a solution for such a floor are usually kneaded in a ratio of 1: 3: 4. Thus, you can get not too expensive and at the same time quite high-quality mixture.
The main cost item for pouring concrete screed is cement. Gravel and sand are relatively inexpensive and are usually purchased by machines. The cost of a ton of such material in most cases does not exceed 100-200 rubles. The body of a ZIL car, for example, usually includes about 6-7 tons of bulk cargo. That is, you will have to pay a maximum of 1,500 rubles for such an amount of material. In the household, for filling screeds 6-7 tons of sand, most likely, will be more than enough for almost any construction.
Cement brand M400 costs about 250-350 rubles. per bag of 50 kg. About 1 kg of the finished solution takes about 1.5 kg. That is, about 33 liters of solution can be prepared from the bag. On a screed of 3 cm with an area of 1 m 2 takes about 20-25 liters of the mixture. That is, in this case, cement will have to pay about 200 rubles. Knowing the area of the house, it will not be especially difficult to calculate the required amount for pouring cement screed and its cost.
Finish
Concrete monolithic floors look, of course, not too attractive. Therefore, they are usually issued additionally. In garages, concrete screeds are often simply covered with rubber. In production rooms, floors of this type are in most cases painted. In this case, alkyd or epoxy paints are used.
In annexes and residential premises, the screed in most cases is finished with tiles or porcelain. In this case, glue of a special composition is used. Sometimes wooden floors are also installed over monolithic floors of this type. The lags to the screed are attached to the anchors.
Original design ideas: polishing and ornaments
The easiest way to finish such a surface, of course, is with tile or wood. But if you want to make monolithic floors of this type can be more original. For example, in a loft-style living room, these floors can be polished.
In order to obtain this effect, the screed is pre-treated with a special sealant, and then carefully sanded. Such floors look not only beautiful, but also very original, modern and stylish.
On a polished concrete screed in order to give it an even more attractive appearance, you can also apply various kinds of drawings, for example, floral or geometric ornaments. Such a floor will become a real decoration of the apartment, decorated in almost any style.
Calculation of bulk floors
Coatings of this variety are excellent, including for residential premises. The construction of monolithic floors of this type is more expensive than concrete. However, they look more attractive and are easy to install.
The calculation of the bulk floor, since such a coating is quite expensive, of course, must be carried out correctly. The thickness of the bulk layer may not be too large. Typically, this indicator depends on the degree of curvature of the rough coating. The stronger the differences in the base, the thicker the resulting coating.
Calculation of bulk floors is carried out according to the following scheme:
the area of the room is determined;
using the level, taking into account all the irregularities, the required coating thickness is calculated;
taking into account the flow rate per 1 m 2 for a bulk floor from a particular manufacturer, the calculation of the required amount of material is performed.
In most cases, approximately 1.5 kg of dry mix takes up 1 mm of the thickness of such a monolithic floor.
How to choose quality material
When buying a mixture for a bulk floor, you should first of all pay attention, of course, to who exactly it was released. The most popular in our country are German formulations of this type of Knauf brand. Also, according to consumers, Vetonit brand floors are simply superior in performance. Their manufacturer adds special additives to these mixtures to increase resistance to cracking.
Of the domestic compositions, the Horizon brand material earned the best customer reviews. Such a mixture for bulk floors are relatively inexpensive and at the same time allow pouring a coating with excellent performance.
What can be the design of bulk coatings
Unlike simple concrete, floors of this type usually do not need additional decoration. In utility rooms, such coatings are usually poured using cheap mixtures and are gray. In the living rooms and in public premises, special decorative compositions of this variety are used.
After drying, the filler surface may remain glossy or become dull. Shades of the mixture for the arrangement of such coatings also have different. In particular, bulk 3D floors look beautiful. In this case, a drawing is preliminarily applied to the screed. The second coating layer is poured using a clear solution.
How to make monolithic floors: the use of marble-concrete mixture
Such a coating, as already mentioned, is equipped mainly in public places, on terraces and platforms. The main advantage of mosaic floors is their aesthetic appearance. Mixtures for such surfaces are made using marble chips and concrete.
Coatings of this type can be equipped on gravel or, for example, a monolithic slab foundation. The floor of this variety is primarily distinguished by increased strength.
The structure of such coatings is usually layered. Wherein:
The calculations of materials for the arrangement of floors of this type are carried out taking into account the fact that the thickness of the lower screed in this case can be equal to 20-35 mm, the upper decorative layer - 15-25 mm.
In addition to aesthetic appeal and an exceptional degree of strength, the advantages of such surfaces include a long service life and wear resistance. That is why mosaic floors are considered an option that is just perfect for public areas with very high traffic.
Xylolithic surfaces
Monolithic floors of this type can be equipped both in residential and in public or industrial premises. They are not mounted only in buildings with high humidity.
It is also undesirable to use this type of decoration on the ground floor of a private house, even on a monolithic basement. The floor of this variety in conditions of high humidity will not last long. In any case, on the ground floor, before pouring such a coating, it is definitely worth equipping the highest quality waterproofing.
The mixture for filling the floor in this case is made from sawdust and special chemicals (caustic magnesite, magnesium sulfate). The structure of such coatings, like mosaic, usually have a two-layer. But in this case, a sawdust composition is used for both the lower and upper coatings.
The plus of floors of this type is, among other things, also the fact that they can be poured on the surface of any variety. In different situations, such a floor can be laid on a monolithic slab, boards, stone or even, for example, cardboard.
The calculation of the necessary materials for floors of this type is carried out taking into account the fact that the thickness of the lower layer of the finished coating in this case should be 10-12 mm, and the top - 8-10 mm