The technology of masonry furnaces is not very complex. Such constructions are assembled simply according to special schemes called orders. However, even when laying a small furnace, certain rules must be observed, of course, it is necessary. Otherwise, the subsequent use of such equipment will be not only inconvenient, but also unsafe.
In which cases it is advisable to erect
Many even not too large villages and towns in our time are already gasified. And most often, private homes are heated using boilers. However, with regard to the supply of electricity, the situation, unfortunately, in suburban settlements, even located close to the city, still leaves much to be desired.
If the voltage in a village or village constantly surges, you can, of course, equip a gas system in the house with natural circulation of the coolant. However, the pipes used in such communications are very thick, which negatively affects the appearance of the premises. Therefore, some owners of private houses prefer to additionally install a small stove in them. In the event of a power outage, such heating equipment can provide short-term heat support in a building.
Of course, a stove can also be a good solution, and if you want to make living in the country house in spring and summer more comfortable. Connection to gas pipelines in our time is a rather expensive procedure. And the arrangement of such a heating system in a small country house can become simply inappropriate.
Of course, a small brick oven with your own hands can be assembled for a bath. Such equipment usually has a special design that allows stones to be laid in it. Such stoves are assembled in compliance with the same rules as ordinary ones, but in special order. They are called Kamenki.
Features of the construction
Even the smallest brick stoves are best built, of course, on the foundation. Despite their compactness, the weight of such structures is usually still significant.
Of course, small stoves, like ordinary ones, are not only convenient to operate, but, unfortunately, also fire hazardous. The place to install such furnaces must therefore be chosen correctly. This is especially true of wooden - panel, block and log houses.
In compliance with fire safety techniques, it is also necessary to carry out the chimney of a small furnace through the ceiling and roof slopes. The construction of the building with the pipe in any case should not be in contact.
Where to put
The place for the construction of a small brick stove in a country house is chosen depending on the purpose for which such equipment is being built. Kamenka, for example, usually try to establish in the center of the baths. In this case, the furnace itself in most cases is located in the steam room, and its furnace is taken out to the locker room.
A small heating stove is best placed in a house near the partition separating the living room and the children's room or bedroom. This will allow the most rational distribution of heat throughout the house. Thus, for example, you can place a small Russian stove in the building.
Models with a hob, including small ones, are, of course, usually located in the kitchen.
What materials will be needed to build the foundation
The base of the furnace must be, firstly, reliable and durable, and secondly, fireproof. The foundations of furnaces are usually poured from concrete. To build such a foundation, you will need to prepare:
For waterproofing the furnace, you will also need a roofing material. The frame for reinforcing the foundation is usually made of a rod of 8-10 mm using a knitting wire.
Which brick to choose
The furnace of a small furnace, of course, should be laid out primarily from heat-resistant material. Firewood has a rather high combustion temperature. Spread the furnace furnaces in most cases of fireclay bricks. Exactly the same material is usually used for the construction of the lower part of the chimney. After all, the gases generated during the combustion of firewood and coal also have a rather high temperature. The upper part of the chimney of mini-ovens, as well as large ones, can be laid out from ordinary solid brick.
Masonry mortar: materials
The furnace of a small furnace is best collected using a clay mixture. Cement mortars, unfortunately, do not tolerate high temperatures very well. Clay mortar for laying the furnace can be prepared independently or bought ready-made in the store.
In addition to clay, to prepare the masonry mixture for the furnace, you will also need sand. To make the solution as high-quality as possible, table salt is also usually added to it.
Chimney Materials
Sometimes small stoves for summer cottages are supplemented not with brick, but with metal chimneys. The disadvantage of such pipes is primarily the fact that a lot of condensate forms in them and, as a result, soot. To save yourself from the need for constant cleaning, instead of a simple metal mini-oven, you can add a sandwich chimney. Such designs consist immediately of two pipes of different diameters with a heater laid between them. Sandwich chimneys are more expensive than usual, but it is much more convenient to operate the furnace when using them.
What will be needed yet
Of course, for laying the furnace, you will need to prepare a cast-iron grate-grate and doors for the furnace and blower. These elements can still be purchased at some specialized stores. Sometimes similar items left over from the once dismantled stoves of old houses are even located on the household.
If you don’t succeed in acquiring cast-iron additional elements or, for example, the doors found are large or small for the furnace, you can make such an element yourself from thick heat-resistant glass. This option is sold for additional elements for heating equipment and in specialized stores.
What tools will need to be prepared
For laying a small stove, you will need to cook, among other things:
The mesh will be needed for sifting sand. It is necessary to pass it through it before mixing both clay and cement mortars. Otherwise, masonry in the future will not be too convenient.
To align the rows and angles during the construction of the furnace, a plumb line and a mooring cord will also be needed. It will take a master who decides to lay out a mini-oven with his own hands, and a ruler with a building level.
How to fill the foundation
The bases of small stoves for a summer residence, bathhouse or apartment building are poured using conventional technology. Such heating equipment is usually installed on stove foundations. The technology for pouring such bases is as follows:
in a place chosen for the installation of the furnace, a pit is excavated with a depth of about 70 cm;
a layer of crushed stone 15 cm thick is poured at the bottom of the pit and tamped;
sand is poured over the rubble into the pit and is also rammed with water from a hose;
formwork from boards is installed;
mounted frame connected from a reinforcing bar 10 mm;
concrete mixture is being poured.
About a couple of days after laying the cement mortar, the formwork is removed from the foundation. The laying of the furnace on it begins only after the concrete has gained sufficient strength - that is, no earlier than after 2 weeks.
Do it yourself small oven: how to make a clay mortar
The concrete mixture for laying the upper part of the chimney is prepared in the usual way. That is, pure fine sand is mixed with cement in a proportion of 3/1 and a little slaked lime is added to the solution as a plasticizer.
Clay mortar is prepared using approximately the same technology. Sand in this case is also best suited fine. Clay before preparing the mixture is soaked for several hours (preferably 3-7 days). Then sand is added to it until a plastic enough thick solution is obtained. At the final stage, a little salt is added to the mixture (approximately 1 kg per large trough).
The proportions of clay and sand in the mixture may be different. In this case, it all depends on the characteristics of the material used. The fatter the clay used to prepare the solution, the more sand will have to be added.
Knead the masonry material from the brick of a small Russian stove with your own hands in this case as follows:
a small portion of sand is added to the trough with soaked clay;
put on rubber boots and begin to stamp on the trough until a homogeneous mass is obtained;
add more sand to the clay and repeat the kneading operation.
You can check the readiness of the solution by simply prying it with a shovel. A quality mixture from the blade will slide very slowly. You can check the readiness of the solution in another way:
After this time, you need to grab the upper brick with your hand and raise it up. If the second stone does not come off from it and also rises into the air, then the solution turned out to be suitable for laying the furnace.
First stage
After the foundation has matured, it is waterproofed with two layers of roofing material. On top of this material lay the first row of the furnace solidly. This is necessary so that the high temperatures during the operation of the equipment do not have a negative effect on the basis. Then proceed to the laying of a small stove for the house, according to the selected order.
Sometimes furnaces are assembled without foundations. In this case, waterproofing material is preliminarily laid on the ground in the selected place. Next, a layer of sand is poured on top and rammed. Then lay out the first row of the furnace solidly. Using this technology, of course, one can lay out a rather convenient and durable construction. However, it is recommended that only very small stoves be assembled using such a technique.
Masonry Rules
When assembling the furnace, the following rules must be observed:
the solution is lined in such a way that it fills in the masonry all the space between the bricks, so that subsequently it does not penetrate into the premises of the house;
seams are made as thin as possible (for fireclay bricks - 3 mm, ceramic - 5 mm);
it is impossible to shift improperly laid bricks when laying the furnace (if necessary, the element is rearranged again, having cleaned of the mortar);
The dressing of the seams is done half the brick.
When building small brick kilns, a trowel is usually used for laying only the first row. The solution for all subsequent is rubbed with a hand. This allows you to fill the seams with the highest quality.
Masonry example
Next, we will consider step by step how to lay out a small stove 238 cm high, 51 cm wide, 89 cm long. The optimal heating area for such equipment is 20-35 m. The main elements of such a furnace are:
Below is the order of such a furnace.
The masonry in this case will be carried out in the following order:
1st and 2nd row - the bricks are laid solid.
3 - assemble the chamber for the blower with the door mounted on the wire.
4 - continue to collect the blower and strengthen its door. Also at this stage, lay out the ledge for the grill.
5 - put the grate without fastening, leaving around it gaps of 5-7 mm.
6 - install the furnace door and fasten it with a wire.
7-11 - lay the firebox and finally fix the door. At the end of the masonry of the 11th row, a metal strip is mounted and the cooking floor is laid on it.
12-15 - erect the walls of the cooking chamber and lay out the chimney from the furnace. On the 15th row lay a sheet of flat slate.
16 - cover the vault of the cooking chamber with continuous masonry.
17 - set the door for cleaning the chimney.
18 - fix the door.
19-22 - use the selected scheme.
23 - put a niche in the oven.
24 - lay the oven.
24-27 - erect brickwork around the oven.
28 - set the second door for cleaning.
29 - mount the valve.
30 - perform masonry in order.
31 - install a second valve
32 - complete the masonry.
At the final stage, during the construction of such a furnace, a metal chimney is usually mounted and brought to the roof, passing through the ceiling and slope in the shells insulated with mineral wool.
How to pass a pipe through the ceiling
Of course, you need to install the stove in the house so that its chimney is subsequently located between the floor beams. The sleeve for the outlet of the pipe through the ceiling can be made independently by bending, for example, a thin sheet in the form of a box without a bottom and a cover.
Mineral wool is usually used as a heat insulator for a chimney. This material is able to withstand just huge temperatures. The cotton wool is inserted into the sleeve, after which the latter is attached to the ceiling structures in the hole cut under the chimney. In approximately the same way, the pipe is also led out through the roof slope.
What you need to know
To melt a newly laid stove, of course, is by no means possible. This will lead to cracking of the seams. As a result, subsequently the stove will begin to smoke. You must wait at least two weeks before the first firebox.
When laying a small brick oven for a summer house, a house or a bath, seam jointing is also performed. This allows you to subsequently apply a better quality plaster. So that such a finish does not crumble during operation, a metal mesh is pre-mounted on the walls of the furnace.