The foundation is the foundation of any purpose construction, it is the most important part of any building. It is loaded, which is transmitted to the ground. There are certain types of foundations, they must be reinforced in their own way. However, we will discuss below the tape base.
The need for reinforcement
The foundation will be strong only when iron is mounted in the concrete structure. Thanks to technology, the tape foundations are durable and allow the construction of even monolithic houses on their surface. If you have a vibrator for construction, then you can create a strong base that will not depend on the thickness of the walls of the house.
Rebar selection
The rules for reinforcing the strip foundation provide a special approach to the choice of material in the base. It is important to pay attention to the designation. Thus, the index "C" indicates that before you are welded reinforcing cage. If the material is indicated by the letter "K", then the reinforcement has the qualities of resistance to cracking and corrosion. Such phenomena may well arise under stress. If the reinforcement is not indicated by any of the listed indices, then it is not suitable for use in the construction of the foundation.
Due to the fact that the process of welding 12-mm rods is very laborious, the electric arc method is not used, in addition, the rods in the process can be burned. You can not use arc welding for valves A-III, 35GS. The overlap should be about 30 diameters, while the elements should be installed so that they do not touch the formwork. This space is called a protective layer and protects the material from atmospheric and temperature influences, as well as corrosion.
Reinforcement Features
Reinforcement of a monolithic strip foundation requires the observance of certain rules. The basis is a concrete mortar, which is prepared from water, sand and cement. The physical characteristics of the building material do not ensure the absence of deformation of the building. In order to resist shifts and negative factors in the type of temperature fluctuations, the presence of a metal in the structure is necessary. It is quite flexible, but guarantees a solid hold, so the process of laying reinforcement is considered an important step.
It is necessary to install reinforcing elements in those places where tension can be observed. The greatest likelihood of stretching is on the surface of the base, it is there that reinforcement should be located. In order to avoid corrosion of the frame, it should be protected with a layer of concrete. The tape base reinforcement scheme provides for the location of the rods 5 cm from the surface. For the reason that it is impossible to prevent deformation, stretch zones can occur in the lower and upper parts. In the first case, the central part will bend downward, while in the second case the frame bends upward. That is why when drawing up the reinforcement scheme, one should take into account the need for the location of the rods above and below, the diameter of the elements in this case should be a limit of 10 to 12 mm. The rods should have a ribbed surface, this will allow contact with concrete.
Additional recommendations for reinforcing
The technology of reinforcing the strip foundation requires the location of the skeleton of the rods in the remaining parts, while the components may have a smaller diameter and a smooth surface. In this case, the rods should be located vertically and horizontally, as well as across. When reinforcing a monolithic foundation with a width of not more than 40 cm, it is permissible to use elements in the amount of four pieces, their diameter should be in the range from 10 to 16 mm. They should be connected in an 8 mm frame. In order to calculate the foundation of the strip, it is important to remember that the distance between the horizontally spaced rods in width should be 40 cm.With an impressive length, the strip foundation has a small width, for this reason longitudinal elongations appear in it. In this case, there will be no transverse ones at all. Transverse vertical and horizontal reinforcement elements, which are thin and smooth, are also necessary to create the frame.
Corner reinforcement
The reinforcement of the corners of the strip foundation is carried out according to a certain technique. Such cases are quite frequent when the deformation falls precisely on the angular parts and bypasses the middle. When working on the creation of a reinforcing cage, which will be installed in the corner, it is necessary to bend one end of the element and take it to one wall, but the second end should go to the other wall. The reinforcement of the corners of the strip foundation provides for the connection of elements with a knitting wire. Not every grade of reinforcement is made of steel that lends itself to the welding process. But even if such actions are permissible, problems can arise that can be avoided with the help of wire. Problems can be expressed in overheating of steel, as well as in changing properties. The rods may be depleted, but if this can be avoided, high strength of the weld cannot be achieved.
Reinforcement pattern
You can independently draw up a scheme for reinforcing a strip foundation. It is necessary to begin work with the installation of planks for formwork, its inner base should be laid out with parchment, with it you will simplify the dismantling of planks. The design of the reinforcement cage should be carried out according to the following technology. Rods are driven into the ground, the length of which is equal to the depth of the future foundation. In this case, the distance from the formwork must be observed. At the bottom should be installed supports up to 100 mm high, several threads of the lower row of reinforcement are laid on them. As the supports can be used bricks, which are located on the edge. In those places where the elements intersect, they should be strengthened with wire or welding.
It is important to remember when charting
When drawing up the reinforcement of the foundation of the tape, it is important to observe the distance to the outer surfaces of the base. This must be done with the help of bricks. This condition is very important, because the metal structure should not be at the bottom. The distance from the ground should be about 8 cm. As soon as the reinforcement is installed, you can make ventilation holes and start pouring the solution. The presence of ventilation openings will increase the cushioning properties of the base and prevent the occurrence of putrefactive processes.
Determination of material consumption
After the scheme of reinforcing the foundation of the tape was drawn up, you can calculate the consumption of material. If the foundation has a rectangular shape, and its width, length and height are 3.5; 10; 0.2 m, respectively, then the width of the belt will be 0.18 m. Initially, it is necessary to determine the volume of the casting, for this you should find out the dimensions of the basis. If it has a parallelepiped shape, then a few simple manipulations should be made: first, determine the perimeter of the base, and then multiply it by the height and width of the casting. However, the calculation of the monolithic foundation is not over yet. It was possible to find out only the base, or rather the casting, which will occupy a volume of 0.97 m 3 . Now you need to determine the volume of the inner part of the base where the tape is located.
In order to find out the volume of the “filling”, you should multiply the length and width by height, which will allow you to find out the total volume: 10x3.5x0.2 = 7 m 3 . The volume of the casting is calculated as follows: 7 - 0.97 = 6.03 m 3 , this figure will become the internal volume of the filler. The calculation of the foundation of the tape is not yet completed, you can determine the amount of necessary reinforcement. If its diameter is 12 mm, and in the casting 2 horizontal lines. It is also important to consider how the elements are arranged vertically. If the distance between them is 0.5 m and the perimeter is 27 m, then this value should be multiplied by 2, which will make it possible to obtain 54 m. To calculate the vertical rods, it is necessary to carry out the following calculations: 54 * 2 + 2 = 110, 108 intervals half a meter and 2 more around the edges. One rod should be added at a corner and 114 rods can be obtained. If we assume that the height of the rod is 70 cm, then if you multiply this parameter by the number of rods, you will be able to get a footage of 79.8 m.
Following such calculations, it will be possible to obtain how much reinforcement is needed to reinforce the strip foundation.
Conclusion
When drawing up the scheme, it is important to remember that the metal frame should consist of two rows or more, while they should be located vertically. If we are talking about horizontal elements or transverse stripes, then their number should be determined by the depth of the base. For example, reinforcing a shallow strip foundation requires one such layer.