The phrase "collegial governing body" often flashes in the media, in business literature, in documentation. Let's try to understand in detail what it means in general, as well as in narrow specializations.
Overall value
In the broadest sense, a collegial governing body is an organization of the executive branch, in which the main problems and issues are resolved through joint discussion, discussion, and consideration of the opinions of each of the members of the board. The decision of the question for which the majority speaks is considered correct. Then this decision is drawn up in the form of a legal act and is confirmed by the signature of the chairman of the board. An example of such a body is the Government of the Russian Federation.
Types of collegial bodies
In general , the authorities are divided into sole and collegial, depending on the number of responsible persons. Collegiality, in turn, is divided into vertical and horizontal.
Vertical collegiality is the type in which subordinate officials participate in the discussion of issues and problems falling within the competence of higher officials.
Horizontal collegiality is a type in which a group discussion of problems takes place only by a circle of people with competence to solve them.
Collegial supreme governing body
It is a government body that has the most general competence and the broadest powers, which is dominant over other governing bodies. In the modern Russian system of power, they can be called the Government. And, say, at the Bank of Russia, the supreme collegial governing body is the Board of Directors.
But, for example, commercial and non-profit organizations may still have such a main management unit. There, the main purpose that a collegial management body may have is responsibility for clearly following the goals for which the organization was created. Its competence extends to changing the charter, determining priority lines of activity, participating in the formation of executive bodies, resolving issues related to property management, approving a financial plan, opening branches and representative offices, reorganizing and liquidating an organization.
Public administration
Collegial government bodies are an independent part of the state apparatus, having a certain area of influence, endowed with a public form of government. First of all, it is a political organization, which necessarily has state-power powers. She has the right to issue legal acts binding on those to whom these acts are addressed. But at the same time, the body of the state apparatus is not endowed with the right to go beyond its clearly limited competence. It is also important that this collegial body must and must demand the execution of its decisions, supervise their implementation. In case of non-compliance, he has the right to use coercive measures against violators.
Thus, the main features of the government are as follows:
- it is necessarily part of the state apparatus;
- carries out on behalf of the state its functions, goals and objectives;
- has the authority of state authority;
- it is necessarily a definitely formed unit of human society;
- it is formed in the manner strictly prescribed by law;
- has a strictly delimited structure and degree of competence;
- is responsible for its activities to the state;
- is an executive and administrative authority;
- carries out a specific form of state activity - management.
Educational Management
Based on the third part of Article 26 of the Federal Law No. 273, a sole manager — the rector, director or manager — must be present at the educational institution. And the fourth part of this law provides for collegial governing bodies of the educational organization, divided into mandatory and optional.
The obligatory collegial governing body is:
- The meeting of employees of this educational institution - as part of its authority, labor, professional, socio-economic issues regarding the employee-manager relationship.
- The Pedagogical Council is a school self-government body that decides questions regarding the quality and level of knowledge of pupils or students, and improving the qualifications of teachers or teachers.
An optional collegial governing body is:
- The Board of Trustees is a body that exercises control over the expenditure of material support provided to an educational institution.
- The Governing Council is a body that includes students' parents, whose decisions are binding on the organization’s administration.
- The Supervisory Board is the control and supervisory body of the educational organization.
- Other organs.