Any state sets as its goal the effective management of its own territory, which includes the political, economic, cultural and social interaction of the center with the regions. The state structure of the Russian Federation, one of the most important tasks of which is to maintain the integrity of a huge multinational power, is based on the democratic constitutional principles of federalism.
These tasks are achieved not only by a well-functioning centralized management mechanism, but also by a clear organization, structuring of the territories themselves, the constituent entities of the federation and the autonomous okrugs. As well as the division of the entire state into its component parts, taking into account regional specifics and various cultural, social and religious conditions of each individual territory. The national-state structure of Russia, the consistency, consistency and thoughtfulness of its legal status, as enshrined in the articles of the Constitution, significantly contribute to strengthening mutual understanding between different nationalities of the country, their cohesion, as well as improving the democratic system of relations between regions and the center.
The state structure of any country is determined by many diverse factors: the size of the territory, the size and national composition of the population, historical and cultural traditions, the particularities of the political regime, etc. Today, two main systems of state organization — unitary and federal — have been developed by world experience and practice. Unitarianism is an integral and mono-ethnic form with a single constitution, legislation, citizenship and a system of state governing bodies. Parts of such a country, as a rule, are territorial-administrative units (units) without any signs and attributes of statehood.
The state structure of the Russian Federation is a federal form - the most complex and ramified structure of the organization of the country's territory, which includes national entities called subjects of the federation. Each of them has its own judicial, legislative and executive power structures. The parliament of federal states, as a rule, is a bicameral system where one of the chambers expresses and defends the interests of federal subjects.
A special position in the structure of such countries is occupied by autonomies, which are a kind of state-legal institution. Such education is provided with full self-government, which is necessary to resolve various issues that require consideration of local specifics. The state structure of the Russian Federation includes one autonomous region (Jewish) and ten autonomous districts. Also, the branched structure of the Russian state includes 21 republics, 6 territories, 49 regions and 2 cities of federal significance (the capital and St. Petersburg).
But, returning to autonomy, it should be noted that in any country a territory with a special national composition, economic and geographical position, religious, historical and cultural traditions is given similar status. For example, the British state system contains the autonomy of Northern Ireland, and Denmark has Greenland, which has the same status. Once there were the Faroe Islands, but in 1948 they gained sovereignty.
The state system of the Russian Federation is a guarantee of the equal coexistence of many peoples within the framework of one large country and an integral element of the territorial integrity of the state.