Attention! In order to find out the normative values, it is necessary to refer to SNiP 23-01-99 - Construction Climatology (SNiP 2.01.01-82 replaced). The article is of a general character.
What is building climatology?
Building physics is an integrated combination of technical disciplines, such as physics, chemistry, biology, climatology, ecology and many others. Accordingly, building climatology is one of the sections of this science that deals with construction issues. Namely:
- the study of the impact of climate on the comfort of a person;
- review of options for using climatic features to reduce the energy needs of the building;
- the location of a single building or a whole building relative to the cardinal points;
- taking into account the amount of precipitation, prevailing wind directions , etc.
Thanks to the knowledge gained, a more rational use of natural energy, territory, material and technical resources, etc. is possible.
Building climatology uses the following strategies:
- Create a shadow. Two approaches can be applied here. Either the orientation of the building in an optimal way, or, if the first is not possible, the use of sunscreens.
- The use of solar energy. This includes solar panels, anti-aircraft windows, etc.
- The use of ventilation. Providing natural ventilation or the use of forced ventilation.
- The device of heat-holding fences. This includes thermal insulation of buildings.
- Use water for cooling by evaporation.
The application of the above strategies contributes to a more rational use of resources and increase the comfort of stay in the building. Construction climatology and geophysics make it possible to reduce the number of necessary technical equipment, which leads to savings in operating costs.
In order to achieve the desired result, the application of climate modeling is required in the process of creating a project that takes into account all natural factors and phenomena.
Despite the current Construction and Climatology SNiP, in Russia and the CIS countries, climatic possibilities are applied only slightly. This is often due to the fact that, despite the subsequent savings, at the initial stage a significant investment is required. While abroad, passive energy construction comes out on top in importance and relevance.
Passive measures to improve energy efficiency include the following:
- use of renewable energy sources;
- climate adaptation of architecture;
- the use of energy-passive glazing, walling , etc.
It should be noted that according to all forecasts concerning energy, energy-passive construction and widespread use of building climatology have a great future and are becoming more and more in demand.