Construction products are a good created by contractors. It includes commissioned buildings and structures of a production, non-production nature; their reconstruction, repair, technical re-equipment; installation of equipment and its adjustment. Pricing in construction is based on the application of estimated standards that correspond to the current level of technology of work and equipment. Therefore, the estimated rationing and pricing in construction are two indivisible terms for determining the value of the goods created by contractors.
Features of pricing in construction
The dependence of the price of products in this sphere on many factors makes it difficult to determine. Estimated rationing and pricing in construction on what depends? Distinctive features of pricing in this area are:
- various functional purposes of structures, buildings; their architectural and construction solutions; nomenclature of materials, equipment; organization - all these components dictate the conditions for the need to develop a new project for each order;
- different climatic and geological conditions of the sites for the construction of facilities according to standard projects are characterized by different volumes of work;
- the immobility of the product or its territorial consolidation; this feature is due to the movement of workers and construction vehicles to the facility;
- time consuming.
To determine all the costs of the construction of buildings, their repair and reconstruction in monetary terms, an estimate was developed for rationing and pricing in construction.
Property value structure
Obtaining the final product of construction does not do without the costs that arise in the implementation of various types of work. They are usually classified as follows:
- construction works;
- assembly;
- furniture, inventory and equipment;
- other expenses.
Estimated rationing and pricing in construction provides information about all the costs of performing the above works.
Each type of work implies its own composition. These include stone, earthen; the construction of metal, concrete and wooden structures; external and internal communications device. Structure of installation works: installation of technological pipelines; installation of equipment in the design position; installation of power lines.
Estimated Rationing
Estimated rationing and pricing in construction - what is it and why is it necessary? To answer this question, it is enough to give a definition of the estimated norm and find out the problems of rationing.
The totality of resources (labor, working hours of machines and mechanisms, the consumption of materials necessary to perform work related to obtaining a building product) is called the estimated norm. Resources are expressed in physical units and have a consumption rate per accepted unit of measure.
The creation of estimated standards that take into account the current level of engineering, materials and technology is the main task of estimated standardization. A prerequisite for the creation of the regulatory framework that is still in use today was the availability of ENiRs for all types of work, for which workers were paid and the consumption of materials was determined. ENiR is a set of documents regulating common standards and prices for construction works that were popular in the Soviet Union.
Estimated rationing and pricing in construction
Lectures on this topic and special literature distinguish 4 main types of standards in Russia:
- state;
- industry or departmental;
- territorial;
- individual.
Also estimated standards are divided into integrated and elemental (all of the above). The aggregated standards are the standards of estimated profit, overhead costs, costs of maintaining customer services, etc.
State, industry and territorial collections are developed in pricing centers.
Documentation
In order to start building or repairing something, it is necessary to conclude an agreement between the customer and the contractor. The basis for the conclusion of the contract should be the estimated documentation, which defines the cost of future work. To make an estimate you need a project. It turns out that in order to create construction products it is necessary to go through three stages of documentation. Estimated rationing and pricing in construction are present at every stage.
The first stage is design. The volumes of work are calculated on it, the technology of their implementation is determined. Then, design documentation is developed for the project, the quantity and type of which is determined by the design stages. As a rule, a compulsory budget estimate is compiled , which indicates the cost of all construction work.
The second stage is arrangements. The selection of the contractor is on a competitive basis at the lowest price offer. The price of work at the design stage and conclusion of the contract is different. At the first stage, all costs that the customer incurs during the construction of the facility are taken into account, and at the second stage only those expenses that will be incurred by the contractor are taken into account. For example, the cost of passing the examination of the estimate will fall on the shoulders of the customer, but not the contractor.
The third stage is the calculation. The contractor must pay money monthly for the work done at the facility, if the customer is satisfied with its quality. At this stage, acts are formed, which are calculated on the basis of the estimated documentation, on which the contract was concluded.
Functions of estimate documentation
- This is the basis for concluding a contract.
- Helps in determining the cap on capital investment.
- It is the basis for the calculation of production costs.
- Breaks down the construction process into stages.
- This is an indicator of the effectiveness of capital investments.
For acquaintance and knowledge it is possible to get acquainted in more detail with the subject “Estimated Rationing and Pricing in Construction”. A seminar on the topic is held by certified organizations on a quarterly basis and is available to every layman.