One of the most healthy berries is currant. It is consumed not only fresh, but also dried, frozen, canned. To get a rich harvest, you should know what currant diseases exist and how to deal with them.
Diseases and pests of currant
There are a variety of pests and diseases of currant, and the fight against them comes down to timely processing, as well as proper care of the plant.
With proper care and timely treatments, the plant will delight with large berries and a stable, high yield.
Anthracnose
Having noticed spots on the bushes, a change in the color of the leaves, gardeners begin to look for what are the diseases of currants and take up the fight against them.
One of the most common pathologies is anthracnose. This is a fungal disease that affects all types of currants. At a temperature of about 14 degrees, the fungus is activated. This is manifested by changes on the leaves of the plant: yellowish-green spots appear. Gradually they become brown. Then the spots merge, and the leaves look like burnt. Then they begin to wrap themselves upside down and fall off, exposing the lower parts of the shoots. If the fight against currant diseases in the spring and during the growing season is started in a timely manner, damage to the bushes by anthracnose can be avoided.
Infection with a fungus can occur in many ways. Most often, insects and wind carry it. With high humidity, the fungus spreads rapidly, damaging all available shoots. The disease destroys the bush in just three years.
So that fungal diseases of currant do not appear, the fight against them must begin in the spring. When the swelling of the kidneys, it is necessary to treat the plant with a 3% Bordeaux mixture. After flowering, re-treatment is carried out with a one percent solution of Bordeaux mixture. After harvesting, the plant is treated with copper chloride.
To prevent the fungus from spreading, all fallen leaves are collected and burned, and the soil under the plant is sprinkled with ash.
To combat diseases and pests of currants in spring and late autumn, after the leaves fall, you can spray the bushes with a 3% solution of Nitrafen. In summer, a solution of copper sulfate (diluted according to the instructions) and one percent colloidal sulfur are used. Processing is carried out before and after flowering, and then after picking berries. When spraying, it is important to ensure that the solution enters the lower parts of the plant.
To reduce the likelihood of infection with fungal diseases from the ground, the soil under a bush is dug up to a depth of at least ten centimeters. Be sure to regularly harvest weeds. Thickened plantings must be thinned out.
Powdery mildew
To get high yields of berries, you should know what are the diseases of blackcurrant and what is the fight against them.
One of the most common diseases of blackcurrant is powdery mildew. This is a fungal disease that rarely affects red and white varieties.
Powdery mildew appears in late spring - early summer. An ailment is observed on the underside of the leaf. In this case, the upper surface begins to noticeably lighten. These are the first manifestations of the disease.
In humid, warm weather, the fungus actively passes from one leaf to another, affecting all young and then old shoots. Leaves become corrugated, fade. Shortening of internodes is noted. Shoots begin to dry, berries fall.
On the affected leaves, the fungus overwinter well.
To avoid infection, it is necessary to treat the plant and the soil under it with a solution of copper sulfate every two weeks with the addition of laundry soap, as well as other means:
- 20 grams of vitriol is bred in ten liters of water. 150 grams of laundry soap is added to this solution.
- 50 grams of soda are diluted in 10 liters of water and 50 grams of laundry soap is added.
- Three kilograms of ash are bred in ten liters of water. The drug is insisted for a day, then the composition is filtered and used to treat plants.
To combat powdery mildew, you can use various special preparations offered in summer goods stores.
To prevent re-infection, all leaves from the plant are removed, the fallen leaves are removed, the affected shoots are trimmed. All parts of the plants are burned.
Septoria
The fight against diseases and pests of redcurrant, white and black comes down to the prophylactic treatment of bushes and the timely detection of any changes in the appearance of leaves, shoots, berries. This will help to quickly respond to an emerging disease.
One of the dangerous ailments of the currant is septoria, or, as it is also called, white spotting. This type of pathology is characterized by the appearance of yellow-brown spots of an angular shape. Gradually, the edges of the formations acquire a brown hue, and in the center the color becomes white. Black dots form on the upper side of the leaves - these are spores. The appearance of the lesion can be seen in the bottom photo. Diseases of currants and the fight against them are the eternal problems of gardeners. Success lies in timely change detection and quick response. If you stretch with the treatment of septoria, then by the end of summer all the leaves will fall, and the bush will die.
To combat septoria, plants are treated according to the same principle and by the same means as in case of anthracnose damage.
Rust
You can see what other types of diseases affect the plants in the photo given in the article. Diseases of currants and the fight against them worry all gardeners. The latter should be carried out from early spring to late autumn. This will help to avoid a variety of fungal ailments, including rust.
Proper currant care, pest and disease control are important components of successful plant cultivation in the garden. As you know, bushes can be affected by a disease such as rust. Currants are characterized by a variety of types of rust, among which the most common are columnar and glass.
The columnar type is found on those bushes that are planted near conifers. This type of fungal infection is characterized by the appearance of small orange pads on the underside of the leaf. Then spores are formed from these pillows. In autumn, the leaves of the plant are completely covered with orange fungi, the leaves are falling, the shoots are not prepared for wintering.
Diseases of blackcurrant and the fight against them are a constant concern of gardeners. To cope with columnar rust, you must comply with the rules of planting. Bushes are located remotely from conifers. If suddenly the disease manifests itself, then all the leaves, affected shoots are removed and burned. During the growing season, for the prevention and treatment of rust, they are treated with a Bordeaux mixture: before the buds swell, the bush is treated with a 3% solution, and after picking berries - 1%.
Another type is goblet rust. This type of fungus affects bushes in early summer. When the occurrence of goblet rust on the shoots, flowers, leaves, pads of a yellow-orange hue appear. When parts of the plant are affected, leaves and ovaries fall.
Usually this fungus enters the currant from sedge. Therefore, as a preventive measure, it is recommended to mow sedge with a radius of 500 meters.
Mosaic
Gardeners can observe the yellowness of currant leaves. Moreover, if yellowness does not appear due to autumn leaf fall and not due to violations of the rules of agricultural technology, then this may indicate a disease such as a mosaic.
When examining the leaf, you can see veins or stripes of a yellow hue, located along the main veins. You can see how the defeat looks in the photo. Diseases of blackcurrant and the fight against it should be known to every owner of a personal plot. It is necessary to take all measures to eliminate the affected bushes. It is better to dig up diseased plants and burn. This action will prevent the transition of the virus to healthy bushes.
Aphid
Proper spring care for currants, the fight against diseases and pests will help to get a good harvest in the summer.
Among the most common pests are aphids. Usually it settles on the underside of the leaf. In the process of vital activity, aphids suck juice from a plant. Damage to leaf aphids is visible. They are characterized by tubercles on the upper side, which acquire a brownish color.
Garden ants transfer from one plant to another aphid. To prevent the appearance of the pest, it is necessary to begin the fight against the destruction of ants. They eat sweet juice, which is secreted by aphids. To kill the colonies, you can use boiling water or use special ant preparations sold in garden shops.
After the destruction of the ants, you can begin to eliminate aphids. There are many different ways to deal with a pest. Someone uses various drugs sold in specialized stores, and someone cleans aphids in folk ways. One of these is the following remedy: tobacco, sorrel, yarrow, dandelion and potato tops are taken in equal parts and mixed. Then two glasses of the mixture is steamed with a liter of water. The composition is infused at night, and in the morning it is set, and they can treat currants from aphids.
Proper spring care for currants, the fight against diseases and pests in folk ways help to preserve the plant and the crop. Folk remedies are safe for beneficial insects, pets.
The treatment of plants with the above agent is carried out at least five times per season with an interval of two weeks.
Gooseberry Ognevka
The ognevka has light green larvae. They are very nimble and try to fall from the leaves to the ground. Usually the moth appears during the period when the berries begin to ripen. Larvae develop for about a month, then fall to the ground and go into the ground until next year. With the development of the moth, the plant is severely damaged.
The fight against pests and diseases of currants, the photos of which you see in the material, should be carried out correctly.
You can overcome the firebox by destroying the affected brushes with berries. You can find out exactly where the pest is sitting on the web.
If there are a lot of fires, then you can treat the bush with tobacco infusion (half a glass is poured with a liter of boiling water and night is infused). To destroy the pest in the ground, it is necessary to dig up the ground under the bushes of the currant in late autumn.
Glassmaker
Pest currant glassware is one that is difficult to deal with. Caterpillars penetrate deep into the shoots, eating the core. Thus, they gradually eat their way down to the roots of the plant.
When the glass case of plants is affected, the leaves become smaller, individual branches may die. They must be removed and burned. With a severe pest caterpillar damage, the currant is uprooted and the bush is completely burned. The fight against diseases and pests of blackcurrant is the timely processing of bushes.
To prevent glassware, bushes are recommended to be treated with a solution of "Karbofos", "Fufanon" or another tool designed to combat glasshouse.
Nectric shoot drying
For red and white varieties of currant, a disease such as nectric drying of shoots is characteristic. They allow you to see how redcurrant diseases look, photo. Fighting the fungus should begin in early spring, from the moment the kidneys swell.
The disease is manifested by the formation of orange dots on the shoots and branches. Gradually, they grow and turn into large brown mounds. At the beginning of fruit ripening, the affected areas turn black. When young shoots are damaged, the shoots dry up and die.
If you do not start treatment in a timely manner, you can lose the entire bush. When the first signs of damage appear, the currants are cut, the affected parts are burned. Places of cuts are necessarily treated with garden varieties or Bordeaux mixture.
In order to prevent infection, it is necessary to regularly remove weeds, fallen leaves, and feed the plants in a timely manner. With proper care, the plant is not afraid of any disease.
Spider mite
This pest begins to actively affect currants with the onset of warm days. In April, spider mites crawl out of their wintering sites and make their way to branches. You can detect the pest on the underside of the leaves. On examination, a web is visible on which the tick sits.
In the process of his life, he actively absorbs currant juice. This is manifested by the formation of bright spots on the upper side of the sheet. With a severe defeat, the plant dries.
To cope with a spider mite, you can use "Akarin" (diluted in a proportion of 1 gram per liter of water) or use folk remedies. One of the best is the infusion of garlic or onion peel.
Gallitsa
When buds are formed, gall midge activity begins. During this period, females lay eggs on the surface of the leaves. After hatching, the larvae feed on currant leaves. This causes premature yellowing and falling of leaves. You can fight the gall midge by treating the bush with Ditoxa solution (400 grams are diluted in a liter of water).
Currant processing in early spring
For the prevention and control of whitecurrant diseases, timely treatment is carried out. The best time to start spraying is considered to be early spring, before sap flow.
Begin spring spraying with hot treatment. This helps the bush to fully develop.
To conduct hot spraying, you need to take water, heated to a temperature of 80 degrees, and pour bushes on it. One bush will need about three liters of water.
After a shower, pruning weakened and damaged branches is performed. Also, on all branches, the tips are cut, which frostbite during the winter.
During processing, all buds and twigs that are affected by the tick are removed. After these works, the soil under the bush must be cleaned of all cut branches.
To prevent the penetration of the pest from the ground, it is necessary to dig up the earth about ten centimeters, and pour any pest and fungal diseases on top of it. It can be a Bordeaux mixture or any other product that can be bought at a special store.
Disease Treatment
In the spring, at the time of budding, it is necessary to spray the bushes with various solutions that will prevent the development of currant diseases.
The plant and the soil beneath it is recommended to be treated with a 2% solution of Nitrofen or Karbofos.
After a week, Bordeaux liquid is treated according to the instructions. For preventive purposes, you can also carry out the treatment with "Fundazole" (according to the instructions).
As the plants develop, they are treated against aphids and other pests that appear on currants. It is best to treat the bushes once every two weeks with products designed to control various pests. This will provide good preventative protection against pests.
During the growing season, about three treatments of currants with antifungal solutions are carried out. It can be a Bordeaux mixture, "HOM" or any other means. Also, folk remedies have proven themselves well in the processing of currants. Ash, infusions and decoctions of dandelion, garlic, onion husks, and yarrow help well from the pest. Among these funds, special attention is paid to ash. It not only helps to fight some pests, but also perfectly protects currants from fungal and viral diseases.
Conclusion
Many gardeners grow a variety of currants on their plots. Unfortunately, this plant is very often sick, it is affected by pests. In order to protect the bushes, it is necessary to carry out timely processing, to properly care for plants.
If for some reason it is not possible to cure the currant, the plant is dug up and burned. All crumbled parts are also collected and burned. This is necessary in order to protect other currant bushes from infection. At the site of the damaged plant, another may be planted no earlier than three years later.