The implementation of social protection of the population is one of the key areas of the internal policy of state power. It includes the establishment and maintenance of a favorable social and material situation of citizens.
Some authors consider social protection in the narrow sense, considering it to provide a certain level of well-being for the most vulnerable members of society, unable for one reason or another to independently maintain their quality of life at the proper level. Such subjects, in particular, include unemployed persons, orphans, disabled people, the elderly, single mothers, large families.
Social Protection Principles
These provisions ensure the effective activities of persons authorized to implement public policies to improve the welfare of the population. The basic principles are enshrined in the Code of Professional Ethics of a social worker. Among them:
- Humanity.
- Targeting
- Ensuring the realization of individual rights and freedoms.
- Complexity
Social Security System Structure
Under the system of social protection should be understood a set of regulations, measures, institutions through which measures are implemented to support vulnerable groups of the population.
Activities aimed at protecting, supporting and helping people are called social work. The object of such activity is directly vulnerable groups of the population. The subjects are institutions and people engaged in social work. The state is actively involved in providing social protection. It implements social policy through its authorized bodies and institutions, as well as public charitable organizations. The latter, in particular, include Associations of Social Services, Social Educators and Social Workers.
The code of ethics in the social protection system reflects key aspects of public policy in the field of ensuring an adequate quality of life for the population. This document is considered the basis of the entire system. It is guided by every social educator and social worker. The Code of Ethics is an official normative act, the most important element of the structure of the social protection system.
Social Performance
The key subjects of social protection are people engaged in social work on a voluntary basis or professionally. There are not so many qualified specialists. Basically, non-professionals carry out social work because of their own convictions, a sense of duty, or as a result of prevailing life circumstances.
Of course, the state and society are striving to increase the effectiveness of social protection. Meanwhile, measuring the quality of social work is very problematic. Efficiency is the ratio of the results of work and the funds spent on their achievement. This category is quite complicated. Efficiency is also evaluated taking into account the objectives of the work, the conditions for its implementation. The result of the activity is the satisfaction of the needs of vulnerable segments of the population and, consequently, the improvement of the situation in society. Efficiency criteria at the macro level can be indicators of the welfare of the family (or individual), life expectancy, structure and level of morbidity, crime, employment, neglect, etc.
The limits of social support
When developing programs to improve the welfare of socially vulnerable citizens, it is necessary to take into account the likely negative consequences of the implementation of the measures developed. This, in particular, is about the likelihood of dependents, possible passivity, people's reluctance to make their own efforts to solve their problems. In the social sphere, extremely negative phenomena can occur. For example, assisting single mothers can reduce the number of marriages. This, in turn, will lead to a decrease in the birth rate.
When developing state policy in the social sphere, in order to minimize the likelihood of various kinds of problems, it is necessary to conduct a thorough analysis of the situation in society, to find out the most urgent needs of vulnerable segments of the population. Based on this, it is necessary to develop measures of social support.
Social Worker Code of Ethics
In Russia, a fairly large percentage of the population needs state support. In this regard, the government seeks to develop adequate measures to help citizens. The implementation of these measures lies with authorized organizations, public associations and private individuals. Regardless of on what basis this or that subject in the Russian Federation works, the Code of Ethics of a social worker is mandatory.
Like any other official act, this document has a structure. It consists of sections and subsections.
The social worker code of ethics is the result of the work of many professionals. The document was developed taking into account the provisions of the Inter-Parliamentary Assembly of the CIS countries, the International Declaration of Ethical Norms and Principles of Social Work, based on International and National Standards, the Constitution of the Russian Federation, Federal Laws No. 122-, 195-, recommendations of the International Federation of Social Workers, as well as the National associations of social workers. The Code of Ethics is based on moral standards and principles adopted by Russian society and the state.
general characteristics
The professional and ethical code of a social worker is a set of general principles and basic rules of behavior that are binding on employees of social security administration bodies, social security institutions, regardless of their form of ownership. Persons applying for work in such organizations are required to familiarize themselves with the provisions of the document and comply with the requirements established therein in the course of employment.
Each employee of the governing body or employee of a social service institution provides a Code of Ethics for action. In turn, citizens who receive support have the right to expect from these entities behavior that meets the requirements of the document.
Introduction objectives
The professional and ethical code of the social worker establishes the norms and rules of behavior that ensure the increase in the effectiveness of the activities of social protection bodies and institutions. The document formulates uniform principles for all workers in the social sphere, the observance of which helps to strengthen their credibility, increase the degree of public confidence in entities implementing state policy in the field of social support for citizens.
Appointment
In Russia, the Code of Ethics for a Social Worker:
- It acts as the basis for the formation in citizens' minds of a respectful attitude to social protection management structures and service institutions.
- It serves as an instrument of regulation and the formation of the moral foundations of the activities of entities that implement the social policy of the state.
The knowledge and observance of the requirements contained in the Code of Ethics for Social Workers is one of the main criteria for assessing the quality of their work.
Principles of employee behavior
They are enshrined in section II of the Code of Professional Ethics for a Social Worker. In accordance with the document, the subjects are called upon:
- In good faith and at a high professional level, carry out their duties in order to ensure high efficiency in the provision of social services and support to needy citizens.
- Be guided by the provision that the observance and protection of freedoms, interests and human rights and the citizen determine the content of the activities of officials of social protection authorities and employees of social service institutions.
- Perform work within the framework of the powers vested in them by regulatory enactments.
- Take measures to ensure the safety of services provided to the public.
- Correctly and carefully build relationships with other employees and citizens.
- Show respect, tolerance to the traditions and customs of people of different nationalities, take into account their religion, cultural characteristics, contribute to the preservation of their identity.
Independence of officials
The Code of Ethics for Social Workers contains a number of requirements, a violation for which may result in liability in accordance with the law. Officers need:
- To exclude in their activity any preference for any public groups, institutions, professional associations.
- Counteract the influence of other officials that are not in the interests of clients, do not obey administrative pressure.
- Not to perform actions due to personal, financial (property) or other interests that impede the conscientious fulfillment of tasks.
- Be independent of the influence of political and other associations.
- Maintain and protect the dignity of customers, take into account their individual characteristics, social needs, interests, build relationships with them on the basis of respect and tolerance.
- Respect the confidentiality of information about living conditions, activities, personal data, information about the problems of citizens applying for help, take measures to not disseminate such information.
- Do not commit actions that may raise doubts about objectivity in the performance by officials of their duties, and avoid conflicts that discredit their work.
- Avoid using your position to solve personal problems.
Additional requirements
In accordance with the Code of Professional Ethics, social workers should:
- Respect social equality and equitably distribute resources to expand the possibilities of providing them to all those in need.
- Provide support, first of all, to minors and other citizens who are in difficult living conditions.
- Follow the rules and regulations of business conduct.
- Respect the rights of citizens, ensure their participation in decision-making, contribute to the provision of complete and reliable information about the needs of each client.
- Follow the procedure for public speaking and providing official information established in the state body, local government structure, and social protection institution.
- Respectfully refers to the media, informing the population about the activities of the social protection management body or the organization of social services for citizens, to assist in obtaining reliable data by them.
- Attract volunteers, mainly youth, to social work.
Officials are individually responsible for the results of their activities. Employees of authorized structures when fulfilling the requirements of the Code of Ethics, social protection workers must comply with the Constitution, federal legislation, other regulations, including those issued by the social protection management body, and the social services institution. Officials are obliged to take measures to combat corruption and prevent bribery, being guided by the rules of domestic law.
Ethical Performance
The Code of Ethics instructs the employee of social protection of the population in their activities to be guided by the constitutional provisions that a person, his freedoms and rights are recognized by the state as the highest value. The inviolability of family, personal secrets, privacy, protection of dignity, good name, and honor of every citizen is guaranteed by the authorities.
The prohibition is enshrined in the professional code of the social worker, the violation of which entails liability in accordance with the law. In particular, in the conduct of officials are unacceptable:
- Expressions and acts that are discriminatory, infringing on human rights by gender, age, nationality, because of religious, political and other preferences.
- Rudeness, dismissive tone, biased remarks, arrogance, the presentation of undeserved and unfounded charges.
- Offensive expressions, threats, actions that create obstacles to normal communication or provoke illegal actions.
- Smoking when visiting citizens at home, in office, during conversations, meetings, etc.
Subject to the rules enshrined in the Code of Ethics, a social worker should be friendly, polite, correct, and tolerant when communicating not only with clients, but also with his colleagues. By its behavior, the subject should contribute to the formation in the collective of a favorable atmosphere, constructive cooperation.
A few words are spoken in the Code of Ethics of the social worker and on the appearance of officials. The appearance of employees in the performance of their duties, depending on the conditions and format of work, should promote the formation of citizens' respectful attitude to state bodies, local authorities, social services.
Responsibility of officials
The fact that the social worker has failed to comply with the Code of Ethics should be carefully analyzed. If it is proved that the violation did occur, then the conduct of the official is subject to moral condemnation. In cases stipulated by federal law, legal liability measures may be applied to an official.
The fact of non-compliance by the social worker with the Code of Ethics is examined at a meeting of the board of trustees (public) of the social services institution. The Council makes proposals to ensure the protection of the freedoms and rights of customers of the social services, as well as the need for disciplinary action against the perpetrator. Decisions of the Council are taken into account during certification, promotion, as well as promotion of the relevant employee.
Social Security in Russia: Features
The field of social security arose in the country in the 20s of the 20th century. Initially, it was supposed to form a state system of material support and services for disabled and elderly citizens, families with children. This system was supposed to function at the expense of consumption funds. At its core, social security is identical to social protection.
The system provided for:
- disability and old age pensions;
- maternity benefits;
- payments during the period of temporary incapacity for work to care for young children up to a year;
- assistance to families in the maintenance and upbringing of children (preferential or free places in kindergartens, boarding schools, pioneer camps, etc.);
- the maintenance of disabled persons in specialized institutions (nursing homes, etc.);
- preferential or free medical care, provision of vehicles with disabilities;
- learning disabilities.
After the transition to a market economy, the social security system ceased to fulfill many of its functions. At the same time, some of its elements were included in the modern social protection system.
Social support
It is provided to socially vulnerable groups of the population who are not able for one reason or another to provide their income on their own.
Social support today is provided in many ways. This can be cash payments, the provision of free food, clothing, etc. Financing is provided by tax deductions of citizens to the budget.
Not everyone can get social assistance. For registration of support it is necessary to collect a package of documents confirming need. Social assistance is provided to those whose income is below the subsistence level.
Today, assistance to socially vulnerable citizens acts as an essential component of state policy aimed at combating poverty and ensuring a minimum income.
It is worth saying that support is not limited solely to the provision of material goods. Social assistance is expressed in the provision of services, assistance in overcoming difficult life problems for the needy, adaptation in society, maintenance of social status.
Social Services: Feature
The work of social services aimed at supporting, providing household, medical, legal, pedagogical and other services, assisting in the adaptation of citizens in modern society, and rehabilitating people in difficult life situations has received a common name in the modern world - social service.
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Conclusion
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