Among the huge variety of multifunction devices that are designed for professional switching and control, a proportional regulator has received huge demand. This unit has been successfully used by specialists to provide feedback. The device can be installed in systems with automated control to maintain at a given level the value of a specific parameter. Most often, such a regulator is operated by experts in the field of temperature control and other important quantities that are involved in different processes.
Description
The classic proportional controller is best suited for interacting with control loops whose circuitry is equipped with feedback links. Experts use the equipment in automated control signal generation systems. Due to this, it is possible to achieve high quality and accuracy of the transferred processes. The proportional controller includes three basic components that interact with each other as much as possible. Experts note that each of them is in proportion with a certain value. If at least one component falls out of this process for any reason, the installation will not be able to fully fulfill its responsibilities.
Design
The proportional regulators implemented today are in great demand at facilities that allow the presence of statistical errors. For such units, the main movement of the regulatory body is fully proportional to the deviation of the controlled quantity. Unlike similar devices, proportional products have fairly stable operation at objects with significant inertia.
The design feature of the units is that manufacturers have provided for the presence of rigid feedback, which guarantees the constant process of adjusting various objects. Specialists need to be prepared for the occurrence of a statistical error in the control function. If we take into account the fact that the deadband of the amplifier and the exact time of the actuator during the setup process remain unchanged, the main parameter of the dynamic tuning is the proportional band. Most often, professionals perform all the necessary manipulations during the installation of a steam pressure regulator in the boiler drum.
Principle of operation
The proportional-integral regulator, like all self-balancing units, boasts the presence of three main mechanisms: input, error-determining, and output. All parts differ in their characteristics, as well as operational features. In the equipment case, all active mechanisms are located in such a way that the controlling body produces an output proportional to its input. The primary mechanism converts any change in a variable process into a specific mechanical movement or physical change. It is worth noting that the changes affecting the aggregate bring it out of balance. Mechanical and physical movement is perceived by equipment. The output from the error detection mechanism, called back pressure, changes in accordance with the current input parameters. Absolutely all proportional pressure regulators, regardless of the mechanism used, are equipped with two basic settings. Due to this, the end user can find out the actual value around which the unit will provide corrective actions.
Functionality
Specialists turn on the multifunctional proportional-differential controller automatically at work, which corresponds to the greatest slope of the characteristics of the responsible body. The system registers a transient process when the installation is disturbed within 5%. If the equipment works stably, then by gradually decreasing the established proportionality zone, it is possible to achieve the appearance of an undamped self-oscillating process in the system. During scheduled tests, the period of critical self-oscillations and the residual non-uniformity of regulation, at which the unit enters the mode of undamped oscillations, are necessarily recorded.
Practice use
The proportional-integral-differential controller, which is in demand today, allows you to continuously maintain the set value of any value for a certain time period. For these purposes, a change in voltage and other parameters is used, which each specialist can calculate using a formula. The size of the installation and the set value, as well as the existing difference or mismatch, are mandatory.
In practice, system regulation is rarely analyzed. This is due to the lack of valuable information about the characteristics of the controlled object, when it is simply not possible to use a differentiating component. The operating range is simply limited by the upper and lower limits. In connection with the existing nonlinearity, each subsequent setting is experimental in nature. It is performed when the object is connected to the control system.
Responsible mechanisms
In a working environment, specialists often use the current proportional coefficient of the controller so that the installation functions as smoothly as possible. The formation of the output signal is carried out precisely by this parameter. The signal perfectly keeps the input value, which is subject to adjustment, at the optimal level and does not allow it to deviate. In accordance with the increase of the coefficient, the signal level also increases. If at the input of the unit the controlled value is simply equal to the value set by specialists, then the final output will be 0. In practice, it is quite difficult to adjust the desired parameter with just one proportional component in order to stabilize it at a certain level.
Conclusion
Thanks to the use of differential control, the system gets an excellent opportunity to fully compensate for a possible future error. The correct calculation of the proportional component numerically looks like the difference between the previous and the current parameter, multiplied by the regulation coefficient. Since specialists actively apply measurements taken over a short period of time, any errors and external factors greatly affect the process. Due to all these nuances, differential control in its pure form is difficult to implement for most modern systems.